Unexpected Link Between Feeding and Memory Brain Areas Discovered

Summary: A new study reveals how NCOR1/2 regulates memory involving a newly identified circuit between the lateral hypothalamus and hippocampus. Researchers believe the findings could have implications for future studies related to ASD and neurodegenerative diseases.

Source: Baylor College of Medicine.

The search for a mechanism that could explain how the protein complex NCOR1/2 regulates memory has revealed an unexpected connection between the lateral hypothalamus and the hippocampus, the feeding and the memory centers of the brain, respectively. The findings, which were published today in the journal Nature Neuroscience by a multidisciplinary team led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine, have implications for studies on brain function, including those related to autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities and neurodegenerative disease.

“It was not known how NCOR1/2 regulates memory or other cognitive functions, but there is evidence that NCOR1/2 plays a fundamental role in the activity of many hormones,” said corresponding author Dr. Zheng Sun, assistant professor of medicine and of molecular and cellular biology at Baylor and member of Baylor’s Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center and Center for Precision Environmental Health and of the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center.

In this project, the researchers worked with mice carrying mutations of NCOR1/2.

“These mice clearly present with memory deficits,” said co-first author Dr. Wenjun Zhou, postdoctoral associate in the Sun lab. “The signaling involving GABA, a key inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, was dysfunctional in hypothalamus neurons when NCOR1/2 was disrupted.”

To explore the cellular mechanism underlying the condition, Sun collaborated with Dr. Yong Xu, associate professor of pediatrics, molecular and cellular biology and with the USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine.

The researchers conducted a number of electrophysiological experiments to investigate how the lack of NCOR1/2 resulted in memory deficits in mice.

“What struck us the most was that the process by which NCOR1/2 regulates memory involves a new circuit that links two brain regions: the lateral hypothalamus, known as a feeding center of the brain, and the hippocampus, a place that stores memory,” Xu said. “It surprised us because the hypothalamus is not traditionally considered to be a major regulator of learning and memory.”

The researchers validated the newly discovered circuits in different ways.

“We applied both optogenetics and chemogenetics techniques,” said co-first author Dr. Yanlin He, postdoctoral associate in the Xu lab. “The protein complex NCOR1/2 is key to the hypothalamus-hippocampus circuit; when we knock it out the circuit becomes dysfunctional.”

the hypothalamus
The signaling involving GABA, a key inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, was dysfunctional in hypothalamus neurons when NCOR1/2 was disrupted.NeuroscienceNews.com image is credited to BruceBlaus

In addition, the researchers have connected their findings in mouse models with human conditions.

“We describe here new genetic variants of NCOR1/2 in patients with intellectual disability or neurodevelopmental defects,” said co-corresponding author Dr. Pengfei Liu, assistant professor of molecular and human genetics at Baylor and laboratory director of clinical research at Baylor Genetics.

“The gene NCOR1 is located on human chromosome 17, very close to the region that has been previously implicated in the Potocki-Lupski and Smith-Magenis syndromes,” Liu explains. “We have always suspected that mutations of this gene could cause intellectual disabilities or other deleterious neurological consequences. The mouse models in the current study provide the first evidence that this is indeed the case.”

These findings have implications for the relationships among endocrine factors, obesity and metabolic disorders and cognitive dysfunctions such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is known, for instance, that people with endocrine disruption or metabolic disorders are more susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease.

“Mechanisms underlying these associations are not completely clear,” Sun said. “We think that the NCOR1/2-regulated neural circuit between the feeding and the memory centers of the brain we have discovered is worth exploring further in this context.”

About this neuroscience research article

Other contributors to this work include Atteeq U. Rehman, Yan Kong, Sungguan Hong, Guolian Ding, Hari Krishna Yalamanchili, Ying-Wooi Wan, Basil Paul, Chuhan Wang, Yingyun Gong, Wenxian Zhou, Hao Liu, John Dean, Emmanuel Scalais, Mary O’Driscoll, Jenny E.V. Morton, DDD study, Xinguo Hou, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong and Zhandong Liu. The authors are affiliated with one or more of the following institutions: Baylor College of Medicine; Chung-Ang University, Seoul; Texas Children’s Hospital; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, Scotland; Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg and Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital.

Funding: Financial support is from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (grants R01DK101379, R01DK117281, P01DK113954, R01DK115761, R01DK111436, R21CA215591 and R01ES027544), American Diabetes Association (ADA1-17-PDF-138), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cris6250-51000-059-04S, and American Heart Association (grant AHA30970064). The DDD study is supported by the Health Innovation Challenge Fund (grant number HICF-1009-003), a parallel funding partnership between the Wellcome and the UK Department of Health, and the Wellcome Sanger Institute (grant number WT098051). Additional support is from BCM Neurobehavioral Core (IDDRC U54HD083092), BCM Genomic and RNA Profiling Core (Digestive Disease Center P30DK56338), BCM Gene Vector core (Diabetes Research Center P30DK076938), and BCM RNA In Situ Hybridization Core (U54HD083092, P30DK056338, and U42OD011174).

Source: Julia Bernstein – Baylor College of Medicine
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is credited to BruceBlaus and is licensed CC BY 3.0.
Original Research: Abstract for “Loss of function of NCOR1 and NCOR2 impairs memory through a novel GABAergic hypothalamus–CA3 projection” by Wenjun Zhou, Yanlin He, Atteeq U Rehman, Yan Kong, Sungguan Hong, Guolian Ding, Hari Krishna Yalamanchili, Ying-Wooi Wan, Basil Paul, Chuhan Wang, Yingyun Gong, Wenxian Zhou, Hao Liu, John Dean, Emmanuel Scalais, Mary O’Driscoll, Jenny E. V Morton, DDD study, Xinguo Hou, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Zhandong Liu, Pengfei Liu, Yong Xu & Zheng Sun in Nature Neuroscience. Published January 21 2019.
doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0311-1

Cite This NeuroscienceNews.com Article

[cbtabs][cbtab title=”MLA”]Baylor College of Medicine”Unexpected Link Between Feeding and Memory Brain Areas Discovered.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 21 January 2019.
<https://neurosciencenews.com/memory-feeding-brain-10594/>.[/cbtab][cbtab title=”APA”]Baylor College of Medicine(2019, January 21). Unexpected Link Between Feeding and Memory Brain Areas Discovered. NeuroscienceNews. Retrieved January 21, 2019 from https://neurosciencenews.com/memory-feeding-brain-10594/[/cbtab][cbtab title=”Chicago”]Baylor College of Medicine”Unexpected Link Between Feeding and Memory Brain Areas Discovered.” https://neurosciencenews.com/memory-feeding-brain-10594/ (accessed January 21, 2019).[/cbtab][/cbtabs]


Abstract

Loss of function of NCOR1 and NCOR2 impairs memory through a novel GABAergic hypothalamus–CA3 projection

Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) and NCOR2 (also known as SMRT) regulate gene expression by activating histone deacetylase 3 through their deacetylase activation domain (DAD). We show that mice with DAD knock-in mutations have memory deficits, reduced anxiety levels, and reduced social interactions. Mice with NCOR1 and NORC2 depletion specifically in GABAergic neurons (NS-V mice) recapitulated the memory deficits and had reduced GABAA receptor subunit α2 (GABRA2) expression in lateral hypothalamus GABAergic (LHGABA) neurons. This was associated with LHGABA neuron hyperexcitability and impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation, through a monosynaptic LHGABA to CA3GABA projection. Optogenetic activation of this projection caused memory deficits, whereas targeted manipulation of LHGABA or CA3GABA neuron activity reversed memory deficits in NS-V mice. We describe de novo variants in NCOR1, NCOR2 or HDAC3 in patients with intellectual disability or neurodevelopmental disorders. These findings identify a hypothalamus–hippocampus projection that may link endocrine signals with synaptic plasticity through NCOR-mediated regulation of GABA signaling.

Feel free to share this Neuroscience News.
Join our Newsletter
I agree to have my personal information transferred to AWeber for Neuroscience Newsletter ( more information )
Sign up to receive our recent neuroscience headlines and summaries sent to your email once a day, totally free.
We hate spam and only use your email to contact you about newsletters. You can cancel your subscription any time.