Researchers link gene to cannabis abuse

Summary: Researchers have identified a genetic variant that increases the risk of cannabis use disorder (CUD). The variant affects the formations of specific nicotine receptors in the brain. Those who have less of these receptors are more likely to develop CUD. Additionally, researchers found those with a higher number of genetic variants associated with impaired cognition are more likely to struggle with marijuana addiction.

Source: Aarhus University

New research from the Danish psychiatric project, iPSYCH, shows that a specific gene is associated with an increased risk of cannabis abuse. The gene is the source of a so-called nicotine receptor in the brain, and people with low amounts of this receptor have an increased risk of cannabis abuse.

Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug in both Denmark and internationally, and around one in ten users becomes addicted to the drug. Researchers from iPSYCH have discovered a gene that they associate with the abuse of cannabis.

“We discovered that the disorder was associated with a genetic variant. This variant affects how much of a certain nicotine receptor is formed in the brain,” explains Associate Professor Ditte Demontis from Aarhus University, who is behind the study.

The genetic variant discovered by the researchers affects how much of a specific nicotine receptor is formed. People who have less of this receptor in the brain are at greater risk of becoming cannabis abusers.

Ditte Demontis and her colleagues used a nationwide Danish cohort to analyse the complete genome of more than 2,000 cannabis abusers and the genome of 50,000 control subjects. The researchers subsequently repeated these findings in an analysis of a further 5,500 cannabis abusers and more than 300,000 control subjects.

The researchers also included genetic data from studies in which researchers examined the underlying genetics for cognition such as e.g. the ability to complete an education.

Here, they found that people with a higher number of genetic variants associated with impaired cognition also have an increased risk of cannabis abuse.

This shows green dna strands
Here, they found that people with a higher number of genetic variants associated with impaired cognition also have an increased risk of cannabis abuse. The image is in the public domain.

“People who abuse cannabis often do worse in the education system, and our results show that this can be partly explained by genetics. That is to say that people with an abuse problem have more genetic variations in the genome which increase the risk of cannabis abuse, while at the same time negatively affecting their ability to get an education,” explains Ditte Demontis.

The study is the first of its kind on this scale and represents a step towards understanding the particular biological mechanisms, which lie behind the abuse of cannabis.

“We need to undertake even more research into how the genetic differences in the genome contribute to the development of cannabis abuse, and we need to map out the precise biological mechanisms that lead to one person having a higher risk of becoming a substance abuser than another. Our hope is to be able to improve treatment and perhaps in the long-term even prevent this abuse,” says Ditte Demontis.

About this neuroscience research article

Source:
Aarhus University
Media Contacts:
Ditte Demontis – Aarhus University
Image Source:
The image is in the public domain.

Original Research: Closed access
“Genome-wide association study implicates CHRNA2 in cannabis use disorder”. Ditte Demontis, Veera Manikandan Rajagopal, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Thomas D. Als, Jakob Grove, Kalle Leppälä, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Jonatan Pallesen, Carsten Hjorthøj, Gunnar W. Reginsson, Thorarinn Tyrfingsson, Valgerdur Runarsdottir, Per Qvist, Jane Hvarregaard Christensen, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Laura M. Huckins, Eli A. Stahl, Allan Timmermann, Esben Agerbo, David M. Hougaard, Thomas Werge, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Merete Nordentoft, Mark J. Daly, Hreinn Stefansson, Kari Stefansson, Mette Nyegaard & Anders D. Børglum.
Nature Neuroscience. doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0416-1

Abstract

Genome-wide association study implicates CHRNA2 in cannabis use disorder

Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit psychoactive substance worldwide; around one in ten users become dependent. The risk for cannabis use disorder (CUD) has a strong genetic component, with twin heritability estimates ranging from 51 to 70%. Here we performed a genome-wide association study of CUD in 2,387 cases and 48,985 controls, followed by replication in 5,501 cases and 301,041 controls. We report a genome-wide significant risk locus for CUD (P = 9.31 × 10−12) that replicates in an independent population (Preplication = 3.27 × 10−3, Pmeta-analysis = 9.09 × 10−12). The index variant (rs56372821) is a strong expression quantitative trait locus for cholinergic receptor nicotinic α2 subunit (CHRNA2); analyses of the genetically regulated gene expression identified a significant association of CHRNA2 expression with CUD in brain tissue. At the polygenic level, analyses revealed a significant decrease in the risk of CUD with increased load of variants associated with cognitive performance. The results provide biological insights and inform on the genetic architecture of CUD.

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