Summary: Researchers report UroA, a microbial metabolite derived from a compound found in pomegranates and berries, can reduce and protect against inflammatory bowel disease.
Source: University of Louisville.
Scientists at UofL have shown that a microbial metabolite, Urolithin A, derived from a compound found in berries and pomegranates, can reduce and protect against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Millions of people worldwide suffer from IBD in the form of either ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, and few effective long-term treatments are available.
The researchers at UofL have determined that Urolithin A (UroA) and its synthetic counterpart, UAS03, mitigate IBD by increasing proteins that tighten epithelial cell junctions in the gut and reducing gut inflammation in animal models. Tight junctions in the gut barrier prevent inappropriate microorganisms and toxins from leaking out, causing inflammation characteristic of IBD. Preclinical research published today in Nature Communications shows the mechanism by which UroA and UAS03 not only reduce inflammation and restore gut barrier integrity, but also protect against colitis.
“The general belief thus far in the field is that urolithins exert beneficial effects through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative properties. We have for the first time discovered that their mode of function also includes repairing the gut barrier dysfunction and maintaining barrier integrity,” said Rajbir Singh, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow at UofL and the paper’s first author.
Venkatakrishna Rao Jala, Ph.D., assistant professor of microbiology and immunology at UofL, led the research, conducted by Singh and other collaborators at UofL, the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem) in Bangalore, India, the University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, and Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia. Jala, Singh and other researchers at UofL have been investigating how metabolites produced by the human microbiota – bacteria, viruses and fungi that inhabit the human body – affect many areas of health. By understanding the effects of specific metabolites, they hope to use them directly as therapeutic agents in treating disease.
It has been reported that the microbe Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum INIA P815 strain in the gut has the ability to generate UroA from ellagic acid (EA), a compound found in berries and pomegranates. Variations in UroA levels, despite consumption of foods containing EA, may be the result of varied populations of bacteria responsible for the production of UroAfrom one individual to another, and some individuals may not have the bacteria at all. While encouraging natural levels of UroA in the gut by consuming the appropriate foods and protecting populations of beneficial bacteria should have positive health effects, the researchers believe the use of the more stable synthetic UAS03 may prove to be therapeutically effective in cases of acute colitis. Further experiments and clinical testing are needed to test these beliefs.
“Microbes in our gut have evolved to generate beneficial microbial metabolites in the vicinity of the gut barrier,” Jala said. “However, this requires that we protect and harbor the appropriate gut microbiota and consume a healthy diet. This study shows that direct consumption of UroA or its analog can compensate for a lack of the specific bacteria responsible for production of UroA and continuous consumption of pomegranates and berries.”
Haribabu Bodduluri, Ph.D., professor of microbiology and immunology at UofL and an author of the article, said another key finding of the research is that UroA and UAS03 show both therapeutic and protective effects. Administration of UroA/UAS03 after the development of colitis reverses the condition and administration prior to development of colitis prevents it from occurring.
Funding: This research was facilitated by funding from the National Cancer Institute to Jala and the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (CoBRE), established at UofL in 2018 with funding from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.
Source: University of Louisville
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is credited to the researchers.
Original Research: Open access research for “Enhancement of the gut barrier integrity by a microbial metabolite through the Nrf2 pathway” by Rajbir Singh, Sandeep Chandrashekharappa, Sobha R. Bodduluri, Becca V. Baby, Bindu Hegde, Niranjan G. Kotla, Ankita A. Hiwale, Taslimarif Saiyed, Paresh Patel, Matam Vijay-Kumar, Morgan G. I. Langille, Gavin M. Douglas, Xi Cheng, Eric C. Rouchka, Sabine J. Waigel, Gerald W. Dryden, Houda Alatassi, Huang-Ge Zhang, Bodduluri Haribabu, Praveen K. Vemula & Venkatakrishna R. Jala in Nature Communications. Published January 9 2019.
doi:10.1038/41467-018-07859-7
[cbtabs][cbtab title=”MLA”]University of Louisville “Metabolite Produced By Gut Bacteria From Pomegranates Reduces IBD.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 12 January 2019.
<https://neurosciencenews.com/microbiome-pomegranate-ibd-10519/>.[/cbtab][cbtab title=”APA”]University of Louisville(2019, January 12). Metabolite Produced By Gut Bacteria From Pomegranates Reduces IBD. NeuroscienceNews. Retrieved January 12, 2019 from https://neurosciencenews.com/microbiome-pomegranate-ibd-10519/[/cbtab][cbtab title=”Chicago”]University of Louisville “Metabolite Produced By Gut Bacteria From Pomegranates Reduces IBD.” https://neurosciencenews.com/microbiome-pomegranate-ibd-10519/ (accessed January 12, 2019).[/cbtab][/cbtabs]
Abstract
Enhancement of the gut barrier integrity by a microbial metabolite through the Nrf2 pathway
The importance of gut microbiota in human health and pathophysiology is undisputable. Despite the abundance of metagenomics data, the functional dynamics of gut microbiota in human health and disease remain elusive. Urolithin A (UroA), a major microbial metabolite derived from polyphenolics of berries and pomegranate fruits displays anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-ageing activities. Here, we show that UroA and its potent synthetic analogue (UAS03) significantly enhance gut barrier function and inhibit unwarranted inflammation. We demonstrate that UroA and UAS03 exert their barrier functions through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)- nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent pathways to upregulate epithelial tight junction proteins. Importantly, treatment with these compounds attenuated colitis in pre-clinical models by remedying barrier dysfunction in addition to anti-inflammatory activities. Cumulatively, the results highlight how microbial metabolites provide two-pronged beneficial activities at gut epithelium by enhancing barrier functions and reducing inflammation to protect from colonic diseases.
