New Association Between Social Isolation and Dementia Risk Factors

Summary: Loneliness and a lack of social support contribute to a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias. The findings add to the growing body of evidence linking social isolation to Alzheimer’s disease.

Source: PLOS

Social lifestyle determinants, including social isolation, are associated with neurodegeneration risk factors, according to a new study published this week in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Kimia Shafighi of McGill University, Canada, and colleagues.

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is a growing public health crisis, with an annual global cost of more than $1 trillion US. There has been increasing evidence that social isolation is associated with an increased risk of ADRD, but the links between social lifestyle and other known ADRD risk factors are less well understood.

In the new work, the researchers studied data on 502,506 UK Biobank participants and 30,097 people enrolled in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging. Both studies had questionnaires that included questions about loneliness, frequency of social interaction and social support.

The study found a large array of associations between potentially modifiable ADRD risk factors and both loneliness and lack of social support. Individuals who smoked more, excessively drank alcohol, experienced sleep disturbances, and failed to frequently participate in light to vigorous physical activities—all known risk factors for ADRD—had greater odds of being lonely and lacking social support.

For instance, in the CLSA, increased regular participation in physical exercise with other people was associated with a 20.1% decrease in the odds of feeling lonely and 26.9% decrease in having poor social support.

This shows a man walking alone at sunset
There has been increasing evidence that social isolation is associated with an increased risk of ADRD, but the links between social lifestyle and other known ADRD risk factors are less well understood. Image is in the public domain

Physical and mental health factors previously linked to ADRD, such as cardiovascular disease, vision or hearing impairment, diabetes and neurotic and depressive behaviors, were also associated with both subjective and objective social isolation. In the UKBB, for instance, difficulty to hear with background noise corresponded to a 29.0% increase in the odds of feeling lonely and a 9.86% increase in the odds of lacking social support.

The odds of feeling lonely and lacking social support were also 3.7 and 1.4 times greater, respectively, as a function of a participant’s score for neuroticism.

The authors conclude that social isolation, which can be modified more easily than genetic or underlying health risk factors, might be a promising target for preventive clinical action and policy interventions.

The authors add, “Given the uncertain impact of social distancing measures imposed by COVID-19, our findings underscore the importance of investigating the multiscale effect of social isolation to inform public health interventions for ADRD.”

About this Alzheimer’s disease research news

Author: Press Office
Source: PLOS
Contact: Press Office – PLOS
Image: The image is in the public domain

Original Research: Open access.
Social isolation is linked to classical risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias” by Kimia Shafighi et al. PLOS ONE


Abstract

Social isolation is linked to classical risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias is a major public health burden–compounding over upcoming years due to longevity. Recently, clinical evidence hinted at the experience of social isolation in expediting dementia onset.

In 502,506 UK Biobank participants and 30,097 participants from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, we revisited traditional risk factors for developing dementia in the context of loneliness and lacking social support.

Across these measures of subjective and objective social deprivation, we have identified strong links between individuals’ social capital and various indicators of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias risk, which replicated across both population cohorts.

The quality and quantity of daily social encounters had deep connections with key aetiopathological factors, which represent 1) personal habits and lifestyle factors, 2) physical health, 3) mental health, and 4) societal and external factors.

Our population-scale assessment suggest that social lifestyle determinants are linked to most neurodegeneration risk factors, highlighting them as promising targets for preventive clinical action.

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  1. Chris Steele social isolation was not forced,staying home & social distance was important,not going to work or gyms also contributed to isolation.Attending meetings,seeing colleagues or class fellows add social interaction.Senior population is suffering even after Covid pandemic.They need to be engaged with community centers,families or gyms.To uplift their thoughts, menas pleasant thoughts,they need favorable environment.In India,people attend temples,which are opened 24 hours.Spirituality & anger can’t fit in the same box.Relaxation is important.I realize from my own experiences,exercise,yoga,communication,meditation calms my mind & I feel blessed to communicate with others & enjoy my meals as well.

  2. As we age we interact with less people, especially after retirement.
    Use it or lose it, physically and mentally.

  3. Social isolation can lead to mental health abnormalities.Sitting alone & thinking negative thoughts take over & person get depress. Specially seniors need to stay engage with activities,mentally alert & healthy meal.Pleasant thoughts nurture the soul.Family love & attention is important.Music & simple yoga moves can help.

  4. Considering the main theme during the pandemic was STAY HOME. If indeed social insolation has led to an even more increase in “ADRD”.I forsee a class action suit!

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