Psychologists have developed the first self-assessment test designed to help clinicians diagnose autism in adults.
Published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, the test measures the extent to which adults are affected by repetitive behaviours – one of the criteria used to diagnose autism.
These behaviours include common habits and routines, such as lining up objects or arranging them in patterns, fiddling obsessively with objects, or insisting that aspects of a daily routine remain exactly the same.
Researchers say that the test is a reliable method of measuring these behaviours to indicate when they are unusually frequent or severe.
To determine how reliable this adult self-assessment is, Cardiff University autism experts and La Trobe University, Melbourne, trialled the test on British and Australian adults (229 participants in total) with and without an autism diagnosis.
While adults without an autism diagnosis showed a high tendency for repetitive behaviours the individuals with an autism diagnosis consistently scored significantly higher on this measure.
Autism is found in more than 1 in 100 of the population. It is hoped that the test will contribute to improvements in the diagnosis of autism.
“Many measures used for research and diagnoses of autism rely on parents, teachers or caregivers to report the behaviours of individuals with the condition,” said Professor Sue Leekam, Chair of Autism and Director of the University’s Wales Autism Research Centre.
“What our research has done is develop a test where individuals can report on their own behaviours, for both research and clinical purposes, ensuring we get a fuller picture of the way that these behaviours affect people.”
Repetitive behaviours are not just common in autism, they are also a symptom associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Parkinson’s disease and Tourette syndrome.
The test on its own cannot diagnose autism because repetitive behaviours are common to other conditions and because repetitive behaviours are only one criterion for a diagnosis of autism. The test has been designed to help clinicians in the diagnostic process.
What is remarkable is that increased behaviours normally assessed in infancy can also be measured in a self report form in adulthood.
The next phase of the research will be to trial the test on people of all ages with autism before implementing its use in clinics across the UK.
Funding: Funded by an ESRC studentship to PhD student Sarah Barrett, the research remains ongoing. People aged over 18 can participate in the research.
Source: Cardiff University
Image Credit: The image is in the public domain
Original Research: Full open access research for “The Adult Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire-2 (RBQ-2A): A Self-Report Measure of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours” by Sarah L. Barrett, Mirko Uljarević, Emma K. Baker, Amanda L. Richdale, Catherine R. G. Jones, and Susan R. Leekam in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. Published online July 9 2015 doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2514-6
Abstract
The Adult Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire-2 (RBQ-2A): A Self-Report Measure of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours
In two studies we developed and tested a new self-report measure of restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRB) suitable for adults. In Study 1, The Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire-2 for adults (RBQ-2A) was completed by a sample of 163 neurotypical adults. Principal components analysis revealed two components: Repetitive Motor Behaviours and Insistence on Sameness. In Study 2, the mean RBQ-2A scores of a group of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 29) were compared to an adult neurotypical group (N = 37). The ASD sample had significantly higher total and subscale scores. These results indicate that the RBQ-2A has utility as a self-report questionnaire measure of RRBs suitable for adults, with potential clinical application.
“The Adult Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire-2 (RBQ-2A): A Self-Report Measure of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours” by Sarah L. Barrett, Mirko Uljarević, Emma K. Baker, Amanda L. Richdale, Catherine R. G. Jones, and Susan R. Leekam in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. Published online July 9 2015 doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2514-6
