Summary: A mutation in the BCL11B gene appears to be responsible for a rare skull development disorder called craniosynostosis.
Source: Oregon State University
A collaboration led by scientists at Oregon State University, the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom and Erasmus University in The Netherlands has identified a new genetic mutation behind the premature fusing of the bony plates that make up the skull.
The findings are a key step toward preventing a serious cranial condition that affects roughly one child in 2,250, and also toward understanding how the protein the gene encodes works in the development and function of other organ systems such as skin, teeth and the immune system.
In the skull, when one or more of the fibrous joints, called skull sutures, between cranial bones, close too soon – a condition known as craniosynostosis – the resulting early plate fusion disrupts proper growth of the skull and brain.
Pressure inside the cranium can lead to a variety of medical problems including impaired vision, respiration, and mental function, as well as abnormal head shape. Males are affected at slightly higher rates, and most cases are termed “sporadic” – meaning they occur by chance.
“As an individual grows, sutures are supposed to close gradually, with complete fusion taking place in the third decade of life,” said Oregon State researcher Mark Leid. “Proper suture formation, maintenance and ossification require an exquisitely choreographed balance – stem cells and their progeny need to proliferate and differentiate at just the right time.”
Leid, professor and interim dean of the OSU College of Pharmacy, and scientists Stephen Twigg of Oxford and Irene Mathijssen of Erasmus University in Rotterdam performed whole-genome sequencing on a male craniosynostosis patient and found a mutation in a gene known as BCL11B.
Neither of the patient’s parents had symptoms of craniosynostosis, a family history of the condition, or carried the mutation, which generated a single amino acid change in the BCL11B protein.
The international research group proved that the human patient’s mutation was causative for craniosynostosis by utilizing a mouse model harboring the same mutation. Like the human patient, the genetically modified mouse exhibited craniosynostosis at birth.
“Our data demonstrate that the identified amino acid substitution caused craniosynostosis in the patient we studied,” Leid said. “The mouse model that we created should be useful in dissecting the mechanisms behind the role of the BCL11B protein in keeping sutures open, as well as the role of the protein in the development and function of other organ systems.”
Professor Theresa Filtz, staff scientist Walter Vogel and graduate students Elahe Esfandiari, Wisam Hussein Selman and Evan Carpenter of the Oregon State College of Pharmacy took part in this research, as did professor Urszula Iwaniec of the OSU College of Public Health and Human Sciences. In addition to Oregon State, Oxford and Erasmus, scientists at the University of Leicester in the UK were part of the collaboration.
Source:
Oregon State University
Media Contacts:
Mark Leid – Oregon State University
Image Source:
The image is in the public domain.
Original Research: Open access
“A de novo substitution in BCL11B leads to loss of interaction with transcriptional complexes and craniosynostosis”. Mark Leid et al.
Human Molecular Genetics. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddz072
Abstract
A de novo substitution in BCL11B leads to loss of interaction with transcriptional complexes and craniosynostosis
Craniosynostosis, the premature ossification of cranial sutures, is a developmental disorder of the skull vault, occurring in approximately 1 in 2250 births. The causes are heterogeneous, with a monogenic basis identified in ~25% of patients. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified a novel, de novo variant in BCL11B, c.7C>A, encoding an R3S substitution (p.R3S), in a male patient with coronal suture synostosis. BCL11B is a transcription factor that interacts directly with the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylation complex (NuRD) and polycomb-related complex 2 (PRC2) through the invariant proteins RBBP4 and RBBP7. The p.R3S substitution occurs within a conserved amino-terminal motif (RRKQxxP) of BCL11B and reduces interaction with both transcriptional complexes. Equilibrium binding studies and molecular dynamics simulations show that the p.R3S substitution disrupts ionic coordination between BCL11B and the RBBP4–MTA1 complex, a subassembly of the NuRD complex, and increases the conformational flexibility of Arg-4, Lys-5 and Gln-6 of BCL11B. These alterations collectively reduce the affinity of BCL11B p.R3S for the RBBP4–MTA1 complex by nearly an order of magnitude. We generated a mouse model of the BCL11B p.R3S substitution using a CRISPR-Cas9-based approach, and we report herein that these mice exhibit craniosynostosis of the coronal suture, as well as other cranial sutures. This finding provides strong evidence that the BCL11B p.R3S substitution is causally associated with craniosynostosis and confirms an important role for BCL11B in the maintenance of cranial suture patency.
