Summary: According to researchers, a person’s tendency to anticipate feeling guilty is the strongest predictor of their trustworthiness.
Source: University of Chicago.
It turns out your mother was right: guilt is a powerful motivator.
New research from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business finds that when it comes to predicting who is most likely to act in a trustworthy manner, one of the most important factors is the anticipation of guilt.
In the study in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, “Who is Trustworthy? Predicting Trustworthy Intentions and Behavior,” Chicago Booth Assistant Professor Emma Levine, Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania’s T. Bradford Bitterly and Maurice Schweitzer, and Carnegie Mellon University Tepper School of Business’ Associate Professor Taya Cohen, identify a trait predictor of trustworthy intentions and behavior. The researchers also provide practical advice for deciding in whom we should place our trust.
Among the study’s key findings: a person’s tendency to anticipate feeling guilty, which the researchers call “guilt-proneness,” is the strongest predictor of how trustworthy that person is–more so than a variety of other personality traits (extraversion, openness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and conscientiousness).
Guilt-proneness differs from guilt. Whereas guilt elicits reparative behavior following a transgression, guilt-proneness reflects the anticipation of guilt over wrongdoing and causes people to avoid transgressing in the first place. People who rank high in guilt-proneness feel a greater sense of interpersonal responsibility when they are entrusted, and as such, are less likely to exploit the trust others place in them.
In a series of six studies, the researchers set up economic games and surveys to measure trustworthy behavior and intentions. Individuals who scored high in the personality trait of guilt-proneness returned more money to others than individuals who scored low in guilt-proneness.
Furthermore, in one experiment, individuals who were primed to behave responsibly as a result of reading a code of conduct were more likely to return money to others than the individuals who read a passage about the importance of looking out for themselves.
“Trust and trustworthiness are critical for effective relationships and effective organizations,” the researchers say. “Individuals and institutions incur high costs when trust is misplaced, but people can mitigate these costs by engaging in relationships with individuals who are trustworthy. Our findings extend the substantial literature on trust by deepening our understanding of trustworthiness: When deciding in whom to place trust, trust the guilt-prone.”
The study is unusual in that–unlike existing trust research which focuses on what makes people trust each other–this study offers insight into who is worthy of that trust.
“Our research suggests that if you want your employees to be worthy of trust,” says Levine, “make sure they feel personally responsible for their behavior and that they expect to feel guilty about wrongdoing.”
Source: Sandra Jones – University of Chicago
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is in the public domain.
Original Research: Abstract for “Who is trustworthy? Predicting trustworthy intentions and behavior” by Levine, Emma E.; Bitterly, T. Bradford; Cohen, Taya R.; and Schweitzer, Maurice E. in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Published July 21 2018.
doi:10.1037/pspi0000136
[cbtabs][cbtab title=”MLA”]University of Chicago”Prone to Feeling Guilty? You’re Probably More Trustworthy.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 20 July 2018.
<https://neurosciencenews.com/guilt-trustworthy-9560/>.[/cbtab][cbtab title=”APA”]University of Chicago(2018, July 20). Prone to Feeling Guilty? You’re Probably More Trustworthy. NeuroscienceNews. Retrieved July 20, 2018 from https://neurosciencenews.com/guilt-trustworthy-9560/[/cbtab][cbtab title=”Chicago”]University of Chicago”Prone to Feeling Guilty? You’re Probably More Trustworthy.” https://neurosciencenews.com/guilt-trustworthy-9560/ (accessed July 20, 2018).[/cbtab][/cbtabs]
Abstract
Who is trustworthy? Predicting trustworthy intentions and behavior
Existing trust research has disproportionately focused on what makes people more or less trusting, and has largely ignored the question of what makes people more or less trustworthy. In this investigation, we deepen our understanding of trustworthiness. Across six studies using economic games that measure trustworthy behavior and survey items that measure trustworthy intentions, we explore the personality traits that predict trustworthiness. We demonstrate that guilt-proneness predicts trustworthiness better than a variety of other personality measures, and we identify sense of interpersonal responsibility as the underlying mechanism by both measuring it and manipulating it directly. People who are high in guilt-proneness are more likely to be trustworthy than are individuals who are low in guilt-proneness, but they are not universally more generous. We demonstrate that people high in guilt-proneness are more likely to behave in interpersonally sensitive ways when they are more responsible for others’ outcomes. We also explore potential interventions to increase trustworthiness. Our findings fill a significant gap in the trust literature by building a foundation for investigating trustworthiness, by identifying a trait predictor of trustworthy intentions and behavior, and by providing practical advice for deciding in whom we should place our trust.
