Physician-researchers with Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, part of UHealth–the University of Miami Health System, have found a link between “dry eye” and chronic pain syndromes — a finding that suggests that a new paradigm is needed for diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes.
“Our study indicates that some patients with dry eye have corneal somatosensory pathway dysfunction and would be better described as having neuropathic ocular pain,” said Anat Galor, M.D., M.S.P.H., a cornea and uveitis specialist and associate professor of clinical ophthalmology at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and the lead author of the groundbreaking study, “Neuropathic Ocular Pain due to Dry Eye is Associated with Multiple Comorbid Chronic Pain Syndromes,” published recently in the American Pain Society’s Journal of Pain.
Roy C. Levitt, M.D., a neuroanesthesiologist, pain specialist, and geneticist also at the Miller School, and corresponding author, noted, “A multidisciplinary approach used for chronic pain treatment may also benefit these dry eye patients.”
Galor and Levitt are part of a team of Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and UHealth physicians who treat dry eye.
Their research team evaluated 154 dry eye patients from the Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital. “Dry eye patients in our study reported higher levels of ocular and non-ocular pain associated with multiple chronic pain syndromes, and had lower scores on depression and quality-of-life indices consistent with a central sensitivity disorder,” said Levitt, a professor and Vice Chair of Translational Research and Academic Affairs in the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management. “We also suspect that neuropathic ocular pain may share causal genetic factors with other overlapping chronic pain conditions.”
The American Eye Institute estimates that dry eye affects about 3 million Americans every year. When the eyes do not produce an adequate supply of tears or the tears evaporate too quickly from the surface of the cornea, patients develop an “itchy” or painful sensation. Left untreated, dry eye can lead to inflammation, ulcers or scars on the cornea.
“Patients’ eyes may become hyper-sensitive to stimuli, such as wind or light, or have spontaneous pain such as a feeling of burning, which is typically associated with nerve injury,” said Levitt.
“Traditionally, eye specialists have treated dry eye with artificial tears or topical medications for the surface of the cornea,” said Galor. “However, even if these treatments improve some dry eye symptoms, many patients continue to report underlying ocular and non-ocular pain.”
Reflecting on the implications of the study, Galor said, “Our highest priority is educating physicians that dry eye represents an overlapping chronic pain condition. Consequently, a multidisciplinary approach should be considered in the diagnosis and pain management of dry eye patients.”
Miller School co-authors were Elizabeth R. Felix, Ph.D., research assistant professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation; Jerry Kalangara, M.D.; William Feuer, M.S., scientist at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute; Dennis J. Patin, M.D., associate professor of clinical anesthesiology; Eden R. Martin, Ph.D., professor of public health sciences, and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, and Director of the Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics at the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics; Konstantinos D. Sarantopoulos, M.D., Ph.D., Chief of the Division of Pain Management; former resident Derek Covington, M.D.; and medical students Alexandra E. Levitt, Katherine T. McManus and Benjamin Seiden.
Source: Kai Hill – University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Image Source: The image is in the public domain
Original Research: Abstract for “Neuropathic Ocular Pain due to Dry Eye Is Associated With Multiple Comorbid Chronic Pain Syndromes” by Anat Galor, Derek Covington, Alexandra E. Levitt, Katherine T. McManus, Benjamin Seiden, Elizabeth R. Felix, Jerry Kalangara, William Feuer, Dennis J. Patin, Eden R. Martin, Konstantinos D. Sarantopoulos, and Roy C. Levitt is in Journal of Pain. Published online December 1 2015 doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.10.019
Abstract
Neuropathic Ocular Pain due to Dry Eye Is Associated With Multiple Comorbid Chronic Pain Syndromes
Recent data show that dry eye (DE) susceptibility and other chronic pain syndromes (CPS) such as chronic widespread pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and pelvic pain, might share common heritable factors. Previously, we showed that DE patients described more severe symptoms and tended to report features of neuropathic ocular pain (NOP). We hypothesized that patients with a greater number of CPS would have a different DE phenotype compared with those with fewer CPS. We recruited a cohort of 154 DE patients from the Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital and defined high and low CPS groups using cluster analysis. In addition to worse nonocular pain complaints and higher post-traumatic stress disorder and depression scores (P < .01), we found that the high CPS group reported more severe neuropathic type DE symptoms compared with the low CPS group, including worse ocular pain assessed via 3 different pain scales (P < .05), with similar objective corneal DE signs. To our knowledge, this was the first study to show that DE patients who manifest a greater number of comorbid CPS reported more severe DE symptoms and features of NOP. These findings provided further evidence that NOP might represent a central pain disorder, and that shared mechanistic factors might underlie vulnerability to some forms of DE and other comorbid CPS. "Neuropathic Ocular Pain due to Dry Eye Is Associated With Multiple Comorbid Chronic Pain Syndromes" by Anat Galor, Derek Covington, Alexandra E. Levitt, Katherine T. McManus, Benjamin Seiden, Elizabeth R. Felix, Jerry Kalangara, William Feuer, Dennis J. Patin, Eden R. Martin, Konstantinos D. Sarantopoulos, and Roy C. Levitt is in Journal of Pain. Published online December 1 2015 doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.10.019
