Summary: Ear infections and other conditions that cause hearing loss to one ear can cause nerve damage if left untreated. The damage may render the sufferer to difficulties in speech recognition and processing.
Source: Massacheusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Chronic conductive hearing loss, which can result from middle-ear infections, has been linked to speech recognition deficits, according to the results of a new study, led by scientists at Massachusetts Eye and Ear and published September 6 in the journal Ear and Hearing.
This study suggests that not properly treating infections or other conditions that chronically affect the middle ear may lead to neural deficits and increased difficulties hearing in noisy environments.
“Our results suggest that chronic sound deprivation can lead to speech recognition difficulties consistent with cochlear synaptopathy, a condition also known as “hidden hearing loss.” Accordingly, clinicians should consider providing amplification in the management of unilateral conductive hearing loss,” said Stéphane F. Maison, PhD, a Principal Investigator and hearing scientist in the Eaton-Peabody Laboratories at Mass. Eye and Ear and an Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery at Harvard Medical School.
Sound waves travel through the ear canal before reaching the eardrum and the tiny bones of the middle ear, where they are converted into electrical signals in the inner ear and transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound transmission from the ear canal to the inner ear is impaired, leading to a reduction in sound levels and an inability to hear soft sounds. Sensorineural hearing loss, on the other hand, occurs in the inner ear when the conversion of sound-induced vibrations into electrical signals in the auditory nerve is impaired.
Middle-ear infections are the most common cause for doctor visits and medication prescriptions among U.S. children, with about 75 percent of kids experiencing one or more bout of ear infections before age 3. These infections can re-occur and persist for many months, resulting in communication difficulties that can persist after the disease has resolved.
In the new study, researchers retrospectively reviewed the hearing profiles of 240 patients who visited the Audiology department at Mass. Eye and Ear with either an acute or chronic conductive hearing loss but with normal sensorineural function on hearing tests. The researchers found that patients with a longstanding conductive hearing impairment of moderate, to moderately severe degree had lower speech-recognition scores on the affected side than the healthy side, even when the speech was loud enough to be clearly audible.
The new study validates previous research led by Dr. Maison in adult mice in 2015, showing that longstanding conductive impairment leads to loss of the synaptic connections between the inner ear’s sensory cells and the auditory nerve that relays the electrical signals to the brain. Prior research at the Mass. Eye and Ear first identified this novel type of sensorineural damage after noise exposure, and dubbed it “cochlear synaptopathy”, or “hidden hearing loss.”
“People with hearing loss in one ear are often reluctant to engage in rehabilitation or treatment as they still can rely on the better ear. Our study suggests that, in absence of treatment, speech perception may worsen in time,” said Dr. Maison. “If what we have observed in mice is applicable to humans, there is a possibility that unilateral sound deprivation may affect the good ear as well.”
The researchers found that patients with a longstanding conductive hearing impairment of moderate, to moderately severe degree had lower speech-recognition scores on the affected side than the healthy side, even when the speech was loud enough to be clearly audible. The image is in the public domain.
The findings are especially important considering that children with asymmetric hearing loss have higher rates of academic, social, and behavioral difficulties according to the authors.
Funding: The study is funded by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders of the National Institutes of Health (P50 DC015857).
Co-authors of the research include Masahiro Okada, MD, of the Department of Otolaryngology at Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan and D. Bradley Welling, MD, Chief of Otolaryngology at Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Walter Augustus LeCompte Professor and Chair of Otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School, and M. Charles Liberman, PhD, Director, Eaton-Peabody Laboratories at Mass. Eye and Ear and the Harold F. Schuknecht Professor of Otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School.
Source:
Massacheusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Media Contacts:
Ryan Jaslow – Massacheusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Image Source:
The image is in the public domain.
Original Research: Closed access
“The Effect of Noise Exposure on the Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential”. Stéphane F. Maison et al.
Ear and Hearing doi:10.1097/AUD.0b013e3182498c5f
Abstract
The Effect of Noise Exposure on the Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of noise exposure on the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) in individuals with asymmetric noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss (NIHL).
Design: A cross-sectional observational study was used to compare cVEMP characteristics in 43 individuals with a history of noise exposure greater in one ear (e.g., the left ear of a right-handed rifle shooter) and asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss consistent with the history of noise exposure and in 14 age-matched controls. The characteristics of hearing loss were examined further for the noise-exposed participants with abnormal cVEMPs and the noise-exposed participants with normal cVEMPs.
Results: Thirty-three percent of the noise-exposed participants had abnormal cVEMPs, whereas cVEMPs were present and symmetrical in 100% of the age-matched controls, and cVEMP threshold was greater in the noise-exposed group than in the control group. Abnormal cVEMPs occurred most often in the ears with poorer hearing (or greater NIHL), and the noise-exposed participants who had abnormal cVEMPs had poorer high-frequency pure-tone thresholds (greater NIHL) and greater interaural high-frequency pure-tone threshold differences than the noise-exposed participants with normal cVEMPs.
Conclusions: These findings are consistent with previous studies that suggest that the sacculocollic pathway may be susceptible to noise-related damage. There is emerging evidence that the severity of NIHL is associated with the presence or absence of cVEMPs.
