With the help of water-dwelling hydras, researchers discover new evidence that animals acquire the need to sleep before developing a brain.
Stimulating noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus that carry signals from the brain down the spinal dorsal horn activates astrocytes. The astrocyte activation results in hypersensitivity to pain.
Tyr-Pro, a dipeptide derived from soybeans, improved both working and long-term memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
