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          immune cells

          This shows a head.
          FeaturedNeurosciencePsychology
          ·August 1, 2026·7 min read

          Psychedelics and Ketamine Rewire Brain Immune Signals in Depression

          Ketamine and psychedelics share a neuroimmune signaling pathway involving IL-15 and IL-7, offering blood-based biomarkers to predict antidepressant response.
          Read More
          This shows a statue of a person holding their head. Neurons are overlayed.
          FeaturedNeurosciencePsychology
          ·September 2, 2025·6 min read

          Chronic Stress Sends Immune Cells to Brain, Driving Depression

          A new study shows that chronic stress causes immune cells called neutrophils to leave bone marrow in the skull and collect in the brain’s protective membranes, where they contribute to depressive symptoms. In mice, blocking an immune “alarm” pathway reduced these cells and improved mood-related behaviors.
          Read More
          This shows a brain, the gut and fruits.
          FeaturedNeurologyNeuroscience
          ·August 29, 2025·5 min read

          Gut Immune Cells Found Migrating to Alzheimer’s Brain

          Researchers have uncovered a surprising link between gut immune cells and the brain in Alzheimer’s disease. In mice, antibody-producing B cells that normally reside in the gut were found migrating into brain border regions, influenced by chemokine signals from inflammatory brain cells.
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          This shows microglia
          FeaturedNeuroscienceVisual Neuroscience
          ·July 24, 2025·4 min read

          Immune Cells Ignore Retinal Damage While Microglia Step In

          Unlike most tissues, the retina doesn’t summon neutrophils—the body’s typical first responders—when injured. Instead, microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells, handle photoreceptor damage without calling for backup.
          Read More
          This shows a head covered by fog.
          Brain CancerFeaturedNeurologyNeuroscience
          ·May 13, 2025·7 min read

          CAR-T Brain Fog Mirrors Chemo and COVID

          Patients receiving CAR-T cell therapy often report brain fog, and new research shows this cognitive impairment stems from the therapy itself, not just the cancer or other treatments. A mouse study revealed that CAR-T-induced immune responses activate brain microglia, triggering inflammation that damages myelin-producing cells, reducing signal efficiency in the brain.
          Read More
          This shows a woman in pain.
          FeaturedNeurologyNeurosciencePain
          ·April 4, 2025·5 min read

          Female Hormones Trigger Pain Relief via Immune Cells

          Scientists have discovered that female hormones like estrogen and progesterone can trigger immune cells near the spinal cord to release natural opioids, easing pain before it reaches the brain. These immune cells, known as T regulatory cells (T-regs), are located in the meninges and produce the painkilling molecule enkephalin in response to hormonal signals.
          Read More
          This shows a brain.
          Brain CancerFeaturedNeurologyNeuroscience
          ·December 6, 2024·7 min read

          Targeted Immune Cells Destroy Brain Tumors

          Researchers have created a "molecular GPS" to guide immune cells directly to the brain, enabling precise targeting of tumors like glioblastoma. These cells use a unique protein code to navigate and attack cancer while sparing healthy tissue, offering a safer alternative to traditional treatments. In mice, this technology successfully cleared tumors, prevented recurrences, and reduced brain inflammation in models of multiple sclerosis.
          Read More
          This is an AI rendition of macrophages in muscle tissue.
          FeaturedNeuroscience
          ·December 4, 2024·5 min read

          Immune Cells Modulate Movement and Energy

          Macrophages, immune cells typically known for fighting infections, have been discovered to play a vital role in controlling movement and linking neural activity with metabolic demands. Located in muscle spindles, these cells modulate neural activity using glutamate signaling, fine-tune muscle contractions, and optimize energy use during physical activity.
          Read More
          This shows a neuron.
          FeaturedNeurologyNeuroscience
          ·March 20, 2024·4 min read

          Astrocytes Remember: A New Layer of Immune Memory Uncovered

          Astrocytes, traditionally non-immune cells within the central nervous system, possess the ability to develop an immune memory, responding more vigorously to subsequent immune challenges. This groundbreaking study reveals that through an epigenetic mechanism involving the enzymes p300 and ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), astrocytes enhance their pro-inflammatory responses, a trait similar to the immune memory seen in adaptive immunity.
          Read More
          This shows immune cells.
          FeaturedNeuroscience
          ·September 6, 2023·7 min read

          Thymus’ Surprise: M Cells, Key Immune Players, Found Where Least Expected

          Researchers identified Microfold cells, or M cells, typically seen in intestines, in the thymus—a vital organ for immune system development. These thymic M cells are similar to their intestinal counterparts and may play a role in the body's overall immune response.
          Read More
          This shows immune cells.
          FeaturedNeurologyNeuroscience
          ·September 4, 2023·5 min read

          Immune Cells’ GPS: Crafting Their Own Directional Paths

          Researchers made a breakthrough in understanding how immune cells navigate within the body. Contrary to previous beliefs, these cells not only respond to directional cues but also actively shape their own pathways.
          Read More
          This shows a brain
          FeaturedNeurologyNeuroscience
          ·March 1, 2023·8 min read

          How Bacteria Invade the Brain

          Harmful bacteria exploit the nerve cells in the meninges, suppressing the immune response and allowing infection to spread in the brain.
          Read More
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          A 3D digital rendering showing a developing fetal brain connected by glowing neural pathways and floating DNA strands, surrounded by subtle immune cells.

          How Severe Illness During Pregnancy Alters Fetal Brain Development

          A 3D digital illustration of a human brain side-by-side comparison, highlighting the language centers glowing brightly and equally in both a younger and older brain, while executive function areas are dimmed in the older brain.

          Aging Brains Maintain Robust Language Networks Despite Cognitive Decline

          Rejuvenation of Microglia by Youth Protein TIMP2 in the Aging Brain

          Youth Protein TIMP2 Restores Immune Function in the Aging Brain

          A multi-panel documentary photo. Left: A Black man sits alone on a locker room bench with his head down. Center: A Latino man sits withdrawn at a family kitchen table. Right: A White man looks thoughtfully at wellness pamphlets in a public waiting area. All convey isolation.

          Shame, Stigma, and Culture Prevent Male Domestic Violence Survivors From Seeking Help

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