Insomnia experienced in childhood that continues into adulthood is a strong predictor of mood and anxiety disorders, a new study reports. Persistent insomnia from childhood was associated with a 2.8% increased risk of internalizing disorders in adulthood.
Apoptosis plays a critical role in brain development as it influences the thickness of layers in the cerebral cortex, variety, and layer cell density. Alterations in how cells perform division and apoptosis lead to the development of abnormal cortical structures as seen in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism.
Prenatal exposure to metals including lead, nickel, and cobalt, may disrupt the endocrine system. The disruptions may contribute to health and disease risks for the offspring later in life.