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brain development

·November 20, 2024·6 min read

Gene Repair Restores Brain Signal Efficiency in Autism

Autism-linked SHANK3 gene mutations disrupt not only neurons but also oligodendrocytes, essential for producing myelin, which insulates nerve fibers. This damage reduces brain signal efficiency and impairs behavior. Using gene therapy, researchers successfully repaired these cells in a mouse model, restoring their function and myelin production. They validated their findings with human-derived stem cells, confirming similar impairments and repair mechanisms.

Featured Genetics Neuroscience Psychology

·November 20, 2024·6 min read

War Impacts Child Development, Alters DNA

War exposure in Syrian refugee children triggered unique DNA methylation changes, marking genes involved in brain development and stress responses. These epigenetic changes suggest potential long-term effects on health and development, distinct from other traumas like poverty.

Featured Neuroscience Open Neuroscience Articles

·November 19, 2024·4 min read

Birth Spurs a Surge in Brain Connectivity

Brain imaging of fetuses and infants reveals a rapid increase in functional brain connectivity at birth, aiding adaptation to the external world. Researchers observed distinct growth patterns, with subcortical, sensorimotor, and superior frontal regions undergoing major reorganizations.

Featured Neuroscience

·November 19, 2024·5 min read

How Hunter-Gatherer Kids Learn Lifelong Skills by Age Six

Hunter-gatherer children in the Congo Basin learn critical skills like hunting, gathering, and childcare by age six or seven, thanks to a unique social learning environment. Unlike Western societies, where learning is primarily parent- or teacher-centered, these children gain knowledge from parents, peers, extended family, and unrelated adults within their small, egalitarian communities.

Featured Genetics Neuroscience

·November 15, 2024·6 min read

Cannabis Use Linked to Epigenetic Changes, Cancer Risk

Research indicates that cannabis use causes cellular damage that increases the risk of highly cancerous tumors by disrupting mitochondria and damaging DNA. This genotoxicity can result in mutations, accelerated aging, and birth defects, with potential to be passed on to future generations through egg and sperm. Insights from broader mitochondrial research provide a mechanistic understanding of how cannabis affects genetic stability.

This shows a pregnant woman and a brain.

Featured Neurology Neuroscience

·November 15, 2024·5 min read

Antiseizure Drugs in Pregnancy Linked to Neurodevelopmental Risks

Research suggests that certain antiseizure medications taken during pregnancy may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental conditions in children. Drugs like valproate, topiramate, and carbamazepine were associated with specific risks, including autism and intellectual disability, while lamotrigine was found to pose little to no additional risk.

Featured Neuroscience Open Neuroscience Articles Psychology

·November 14, 2024·4 min read

How Decision-Making Improves with Age

Adolescents are known for making less optimal, noisy decisions, but a recent study reveals that these tendencies decrease with age and are linked to improvements in complex decision-making skills. Researchers found that decision noise, or variability in choices, mediates age-related gains in goal-directed behaviors and adaptability.

This shows the outline of people and brains.

Featured Neuroscience Psychology

·November 13, 2024·4 min read

Metabolic Pathways Link Cannabis to Psychosis in Teens

A study investigated how cannabis use influences metabolomic patterns linked to psychotic-like experiences in adolescents. Blood samples revealed that non-cannabis users showed inflammatory metabolic changes associated with hallucinations, while cannabis users exhibited shifts in energy-related metabolites tied to brain ketogenesis. These findings suggest that cannabis use may trigger distinct molecular pathways in psychotic-like experiences.

Featured Genetics Neurology Neuroscience

·November 13, 2024·7 min read

Huntington’s Gene Enhances Early Brain Growth and Intelligence

A study reveals that the genetic mutation causing Huntington’s disease (HD) enhances brain development and intelligence in early life, but leads to degeneration in adulthood. Children with the HD gene exhibit larger brains and higher IQs than those without the mutation.

This shows a teen sitting alone on a phone.

Featured Neuroscience Psychology

·November 13, 2024·6 min read

Isolation Spurs Teen Threat Sensitivity, Even With Online Interaction

A new study finds that brief isolation increases threat sensitivity in teens, even if they remain connected online. Adolescents isolated in a room for several hours showed heightened physiological stress and anxious responses to potential threats, regardless of whether they had access to smartphones.

Featured Neuroscience

·November 13, 2024·6 min read

Adults Learn Skills Faster, but Kids Retain Them Better With Sleep

Contrary to common beliefs, adults can learn new motor skills faster than children, but children retain these skills better due to more effective sleep-driven memory consolidation. In a recent study, adults showed faster skill acquisition, while children demonstrated superior retention after sleep.

This shows a pregnant woman with a mask on.

Autism Featured Neuroscience

·November 13, 2024·3 min read

Air Pollution Linked to Autism Risk During Developmental Stages

A new review highlights how air pollution, particularly fine particles and nitrogen oxides, can elevate autism risk by disrupting critical brain development processes. Key mechanisms, including nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter disruptions, reveal how prenatal and early childhood exposure impact neurological health. Small particles, such as PM2.5, can cross the placenta, potentially harming fetal brain development, especially for genetically predisposed individuals.

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