Scientists Discover a New Connection Between the Eyes and Touch

This shows fingers touching
The manipulation of that interval allowed participants in some blocks to predict with more accuracy precisely when the vibration would happen. Image is in the public domain.

Summary: Micro-saccades, or tiny eye movements, can be used as an index of our ability to anticipate relevant information in the environment, independent of the information’s sensory modality.

Source: NYU

Tiny eye movements can be used as an index of humans’ ability to anticipate relevant information in the environment independent of the information’s sensory modality, a team of scientists has found. The work reveals a connection between eye movements and the sense of touch.

“The fact that tiny eye movements can hinder our ability to discriminate tactile stimuli, and that the suppression of those eye movements before an anticipated tactile stimulus can enhance that same ability, may reflect that common brain areas, as well as common neural and cognitive resources, underlie both eye movements and the processing of tactile stimuli,” explains Marisa Carrasco, a professor of psychology and neural science at New York University and the senior author of the paper, which appears in the latest issue of the journal Nature Communications.

“This connection between the eyes and touch reveals a surprising link across perception, cognition, and action,” adds Stephanie Badde, an NYU post-doctoral researcher and first author of the paper.

The study asked human participants to distinguish between two kinds of vibrations (“fast” – high frequency vs. “slow” – low frequency) that were produced by a device connected to their finger. The researchers then tracked even the tiniest of their involuntary eye movements, known as micro-saccades. These small, rapid eye-movements are known to occur even when we try to fixate our gaze on one spot. Here, participants were instructed to focus their vision on a fixation spot on a computer screen. A cue–a tap elicited by the device at their finger–would announce the next imminent vibration. What the participants did not know is that the time interval between that cue and the tactile vibration was a central part of the experimental design.

The manipulation of that interval allowed participants in some blocks to predict with more accuracy precisely when the vibration would happen. Notably, when they had that precise information, the researchers could see not only how the participants’ microsaccade rates would decrease just before the vibration stimulus, but also how their ability to distinguish between fast and slow vibrations was enhanced by the suppression of micro-saccades.

The paper’s other co-authors were Caroline Myers, an NYU graduate student, and Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg, an associate professor at Tel-Aviv University.

Funding: The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01-EY019693 and NEI R21-EY026185) and by the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (2015201).

About this neuroscience research article

Source:
NYU
Media Contacts:
James Devitt – NYU
Image Source:
The image is in the public domain.

Original Research: Open access
“Oculomotor freezing reflects tactile temporal expectation and aids tactile perception” by Stephanie Badde, Caroline F. Myers, Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg & Marisa Carrasco. Nature Communications


Abstract

Oculomotor freezing reflects tactile temporal expectation and aids tactile perception

The oculomotor system keeps the eyes steady in expectation of visual events. Here, recording microsaccades while people performed a tactile, frequency discrimination task enabled us to test whether the oculomotor system shows an analogous preparatory response for unrelated tactile events. We manipulated the temporal predictability of tactile targets using tactile cues, which preceded the target by either constant (high predictability) or variable (low predictability) time intervals. We find that microsaccades are inhibited prior to tactile targets and more so for constant than variable intervals, revealing a tight crossmodal link between tactile temporal expectation and oculomotor action. These findings portray oculomotor freezing as a marker of crossmodal temporal expectation. Moreover, microsaccades occurring around the tactile target presentation are associated with reduced task performance, suggesting that oculomotor freezing mitigates potential detrimental, concomitant effects of microsaccades and revealing a crossmodal coupling between tactile perception and oculomotor action.

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