Summary: As artificial intelligence becomes more prevalent, researchers argue that debate is a powerful tool to preserve critical thinking skills in higher education. Debate requires deep understanding, quick thinking, and empathy, all of which are crucial for responding to AI’s rise.
The study highlights how AI shortcuts can reduce comprehension, while debate fosters better research skills and argument construction. Researchers hope to see debate integrated across curriculums to help students develop stronger critical thinking and communication abilities.
Key Facts:
- Debate helps build critical thinking, research, and empathy skills.
- AI-assisted writing can reduce accuracy and comprehension by 25%.
- Debate is seen as a tool to combat AI’s negative impact on critical thinking.
Source: University of Mississippi
Higher education is facing a tough challenge as it adapts to the advent of artificial intelligence. To combat it, two researchers are proposing the use one of academia’s oldest weapons: debate.
Learning to debate is not only learning to argue but also learning to understand a subject so completely that one might defend or oppose any aspect of it, said Jacob Justice, University of Mississippi assistant professor of speech communication, in a recent study published in Argumentation and Advocacy.
“The impact of AI on higher education broadly – everybody’s still trying to figure that out to an extent,” said Justice, who also coaches the Warren Debate Union, the Ole Miss debate team. “For the past two years, we’ve been grappling with this technology.
“Even though AI has offered a shortcut through the writing process, it actually still is important to be able to write and speak and think on your own. That’s what the focus of this research is: how debate engenders those aspects of being able to write and speak and study and research on your own.”
Justice and co-author Brett Bricker, associate director of debate at the University of Kansas, published their work in a special edition of Argumentation and Advocacy dedicated to collegiate policy debate. The researchers argue that learning to debate builds comprehension, research skills and empathy.
Recent studies show that using AI tools to assist with writing results in a 25% reduction in accuracy and a 12% decline in reading comprehension.
Artificial intelligence is also rising at a time of decreased literacy and reading comprehension nationally. The National Assessment of Education Progress reported that less than half of U.S. fourth graders scored at or above a proficient reading level in 2022 – the most recent year for which data is available – a significant decline from previous years.
“We thought about the greatest concerns that people have about artificial intelligence – namely, that it’s going to make people worse at critical thinking and worse at argument construction,” Justice said.
“We saw that debate offers skills that could make students better able to navigate those problems.”
Researching a debate topic takes more than a cursory knowledge of a subject or a bulleted list of highlights, which is all that most AI can provide, argue Justice and Bricker.
“Because debate’s not just about stating the points,” Justice said. “You’ve got to be able to respond in a time-pressured setting to what your opponent is going to say and rebuild your arguments, and then compare and weigh arguments.
“Those are things that a college debater will over time become very good at that I do not think the current generation of AI platforms are doing quite as well.”
Although the first American intercollegiate debate was staged in 1892 between Harvard and Yale, debate has been used to educate and understand complex topics since as early as 300 B.C.E.
“The early philosophical societies may have vehemently disagreed on a subject, but they were willing to sit across a table from each other and treat each other’s arguments with respect,” Bricker said. “That was always viewed as valuable.”
Debate also increases a participant’s capacity for empathy by asking them to consider their opponent’s point of view, Bricker said.
“Empathy is really about understanding the perspective of others, and debate does that in a variety of ways,” he said. “Most debate preparation is thinking about what the other side says, what they believe, what they are likely to argue against you.
“A lot of people think of that as antagonistic – ‘I’m going to defeat that other person’ – but what it does for most students involved in debate is give them a holistic perspective of another viewpoint. Most students actually walk away saying, ‘I can see where they are coming from.’”
Bricker and Justice hope to see debate teams rise across K-12 and higher education, but also want to see more use of debate in classrooms from every curriculum.
Communities or schools with debate programs should properly fund and protect them, Bricker said. And schools without debate should seriously consider starting their own programs, he said.
“Those are the two most important and direct takeaways,” he said. “The third – and it is a grand vision – I think it is possible to integrate debate across the curriculum. We know students who are in debate are motivated.
“They learn to research better than your average graduate student does. They walk away from their education being more fully enriched because they were involved in debate.”
Like any good debater, Justice and Bricker plan to take on the other side of the argument in the next phase of their research, in which they plan to answer the question: How could AI enhance debate?
About this AI and critical thinking research news
Author: Clara Turnage
Source: University of Mississippi
Contact: Clara Turnage – University of Mississippi
Image: The image is credited to Neuroscience News
Original Research: Closed access.
“Human intelligence: justifying debate in the Age of AI” by Jacob Justice et al. Argumentation and Advocacy
Abstract
Human intelligence: justifying debate in the Age of AI
AI is rapidly changing higher education. Stakeholders in higher education are reevaluating pedagogical priorities and considering how to adapt to this groundbreaking technological innovation.
Critics are concerned that AI will limit students’ ability to create strong arguments, empathize with humans and comprehend the complex information environment.
Considering these concerns, policy debate has a strong case for enhanced relevance, because it can ensure students maintain the exact set of skills that integration of AI might degrade.
In this paper, we outline the case for policy debate’s continued relevance, providing findings that are helpful for advocates of debate programs in the United States.
