Virtual Brain Helps Decrypt Epilepsy

Summary: Researchers have developed a virtual brain that can mimic the brain of a person with epilepsy. The model can help provide a better understanding of the disease.

Source: CNRS.

Researchers at CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University and AP-HM have just created a virtual brain that can reconstitute the brain of a person affected by epilepsy for the first time. From this work we understand better how the disease works and can also better prepare for surgery. These results are published in Neuroimage, on July 28, 2016.

Worldwide, one percent of the population suffers from epilepsy. The disease affects individuals differently, so personalized diagnosis and treatment are important. Currently we have few ways to understand the pathology’s mechanisms of action, and mainly use visual interpretation of an MRI and electroencephalogram. This is especially difficult because 50% of patients do not present anomalies visible in MRI, so the cause of their epilepsy is unknown.

Researchers have succeeded for the first time in developing a personalized virtual brain, by designing a base “template” and adding individual patient information, such as the specific way the brain’s regions are organized and connected in each individual. Mathematical models that cause cerebral activity can be tested on the virtual brain. In this way, scientists have been able to reproduce the place where epilepsy seizures initiate and how they propagate. This brain therefore has real value in predicting how seizures occur in each patient, which could lead to much more precise diagnosis.

Image shows a representation of the virtual brain.
The Virtual Brain: reconstruction of brain regions and where they are connected. The green cubes indicate the center of brain regions that are connected. NeuroscienceNews.com image is adapted from the CNRS press release.

Moreover, 30% of epileptic patients do not respond to drugs, so their only hope remains surgery. This is effective if the surgeon has good indications of where to operate. The virtual brain gives surgeons a virtual “platform.” In this way they can determine where to operate while avoiding invasive procedures, and especially prepare for the operation by testing different surgical possibilities, seeing which would be most effective and what the consequences would be, something that is obviously impossible to do on the patient.

In the long run, the team’s goal is to provide personalized medicine for the brain, by offering virtual, tailored, therapeutic solutions that are specific for each patient. The researchers are currently working on clinical trials to demonstrate the predictive value of their discovery. This technology is also being tested on other pathologies that affect the brain, such as strokes, Alzheimer’s, degenerative neurological diseases, and multiple sclerosis.

About this neurology research article

Source: CNRS
Image Source: This NeuroscienceNews.com image is adapted from the CNRS press release.
Original Research: Full open access research for “The Virtual Epileptic Patient: Individualized whole-brain models of epilepsy spread” by Jirsa VK, Proix T, Perdikis D, Woodman MM, Wang H, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Bernard C, Bénar C, Guye M, Chauvel P, and Bartolomei F in NeuroImage. Published online July 29 2016 doi:0.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.049

Cite This NeuroscienceNews.com Article

[cbtabs][cbtab title=”MLA”]CNRS. “Virtual Brain Helps Decrypt Epilepsy.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 29 July 2016.
<https://neurosciencenews.com/epilepsy-virtual-brain-4756/>.[/cbtab][cbtab title=”APA”]CNRS. (2016, July 29). Virtual Brain Helps Decrypt Epilepsy. NeuroscienceNews. Retrieved July 29, 2016 from https://neurosciencenews.com/epilepsy-virtual-brain-4756/[/cbtab][cbtab title=”Chicago”]CNRS. “Virtual Brain Helps Decrypt Epilepsy.” https://neurosciencenews.com/epilepsy-virtual-brain-4756/ (accessed July 29, 2016).[/cbtab][/cbtabs]


Abstract

The Virtual Epileptic Patient: Individualized whole-brain models of epilepsy spread

Individual variability has clear effects upon the outcome of therapies and treatment approaches. The customization of healthcare options to the individual patient should accordingly improve treatment results. We propose a novel approach to brain interventions based on personalized brain network models derived from non-invasive structural data of individual patients. Along the example of a patient with bitemporal epilepsy, we show step by step how to develop a Virtual Epileptic Patient (VEP) brain model and integrate patient-specific information such as brain connectivity, epileptogenic zone and MRI lesions. Using high-performance computing, we systematically carry out parameter space explorations, fit and validate the brain model against the patient’s empirical stereotactic EEG (SEEG) data and demonstrate how to develop novel personalized strategies towards therapy and intervention.

“The Virtual Epileptic Patient: Individualized whole-brain models of epilepsy spread” by Jirsa VK, Proix T, Perdikis D, Woodman MM, Wang H, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Bernard C, Bénar C, Guye M, Chauvel P, and Bartolomei F in NeuroImage. Published online July 29 2016 doi:0.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.049

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