Analysis of over 2,000 brain scans revealed evidence of highly reproducible sex differences in the volume of different regions of the brain. On average, females had greater cortical volume in the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and lateral parietal cortex. Males had increased volume in the ventral temporal and occipital brain regions. Gene expression data suggest the potential role of sex chromosomes that contribute to the differences.
Astrocytes harbor HIV and spread the virus to CD4+ T cells that traffic the virus out of the brain and into other organs. HIV moves via this route, even when the virus is suppressed with cART.
The temperament of your infant could determine their personality and social behaviors almost three decades later, a new study reports. Infants with higher levels of behavioral inhibition at 14 months grew up to be more reserved and introverted as adults.
A new machine-learning algorithm that analyzes EEG data can identify reliable and robust neural signatures associated with antidepressant treatment response.
The side effects of administering ketamine to treat major depressive disorder are mild and persist for no longer than four hours, researchers report. Most of the side effects peaked within an hour of treatment, and many patients reported the effects as being significantly reduced two hours post ketamine administration.
SETD1A, a gene associated with schizophrenia, stunts the growth and branching of dendrites and reduces the number of dendritic spines. Reinstating the normal expression of SETD1A in mouse models restored working memory function.
A new neuroimaging study reveals sex-based differences in the development of the hippocampus and amygdala. The findings may shed light on sex-based differences in the emergence of mental health disorders the occur during adolescence and early adulthood.
Using CRISPR to alter the expression of four schizophrenia implicated genes which harbor expression quantitative trait loci, researchers were able to mirror gene expression changes seen in postmortem brains of those suffering from three mental health disorders.
The formation of prefrontal cortex dendritic spine formation sustains the remission of depressive related symptoms and behaviors following ketamine treatment by restoring lost spines.
Using fMRI to examine the brains of children while resting, researchers discover anhedonia is associated with hyperconnectivity between the cingulo-opercular network and ventral striatum.
A new study reports neuromelanin sensitive MRI is able to measure dopamine function associated with psychosis.
Researchers reveal the role the cerebellum plays in helping to control the brain's reward system. The researchers identified a direct connection from the cerebellum to the ventral tegmental area. The study may shed new light on neural networks associated with social dysfunction.