Summary: Individuals with ADHD possess unique cognitive abilities that can make them successful entrepreneurs. The study suggests that people with ADHD excel at collecting and utilizing diverse stimuli from their environment, turning these into valuable resources for entrepreneurial ventures.
Through the development of routines and heuristics, they can efficiently process and organize information, enhancing qualities crucial for entrepreneurial success such as alertness, adaptability, and intent. This perspective challenges traditional views of ADHD as a deficit, highlighting its potential advantages in the entrepreneurial realm and beyond.
Key Facts:
- The study indicates that ADHD aids in the development of ‘resource-induced coping heuristics,’ enabling individuals to effectively manage and utilize vast amounts of information.
- Entrepreneurs with ADHD demonstrated heightened levels of alertness, adaptability, and entrepreneurial intent, key factors for business success.
- This research encourages a reevaluation of ADHD, advocating for its recognition as a cognitive advantage in entrepreneurship and the need for societal adaptation to cognitive diversity.
Source: West Virginia University
The brains of people with ADHD function in ways that can benefit them as entrepreneurs, according to research from the West Virginia University John Chambers College of Business and Economics.
Associate Professor Nancy McIntyre said her paper in the International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research broadens the scope, in an entrepreneurial context, from “if ADHD functions” to “how ADHD functions.” The paper is based on a study demonstrating an entrepreneur with ADHD is able to use routines, patterns and habits like a big net that captures and stores stimuli from the environment for later use.
“My coauthors and I are advancing the idea that ADHD is not a cognitive deficit or disability when considering entrepreneurship,” she said.
“Someone with ADHD and high entrepreneurial intent might go to a big event and meet person after person with knowledge, advice, contact information, venture capital or other resources to offer.
“Because their mind tends to hop all over the place, they’re making lots of connections and filing them in a way that allows them to use those resources in the future. Their net becomes thicker and thicker with resources that could be used to start or support their company.”
McIntyre is the former owner of an advertising agency and has ADHD herself. She said that “in one-on-one conversations and larger meetings, the ADHD created a constant rattle in my brain: ‘Boy, it’s cold in here. Are those new glasses he’s wearing? Would our client like red on that brochure more than blue? Are the kids having fun at day care?’”
Like McIntyre, many people with ADHD find it especially difficult not to immediately attend to new information. They’re predisposed to speedy cognitive processing and quick decisions, bouncing from stimulus to stimulus, continually scanning their environments and swiftly shifting their attention from old data to new.
To deal with the constant influx of information, people with ADHD often develop habits, routines, processes or shortcuts that help them assimilate all that data without becoming exhausted by it. Those routines are examples of what McIntyre calls “resource-induced coping heuristics.”
She has developed her own set of heuristics to help her cope with the massive quantity of information streaming into her mind.
“In the morning, my executive assistant provided me with a schedule. At the end of each day, she provided me with a summary and action items. She was always at my side taking notes, or if she wasn’t available, she had a recorder on the table so I could review the tape later. Those routines helped me use my resources to focus on the important information.”
McIntyre explained a cognitive heuristic takes the load off your brain. A “walking” heuristic, for example, allows a person to walk without thinking about every step as they take it. A “driving” heuristic allows someone to start the car, fasten their seatbelt, step on the brake and shift into gear more or less automatically.
Everyone uses heuristic routines to perform common tasks efficiently, without thinking through or about each part of the process. But McIntyre’s research reveals that for entrepreneurs with ADHD, heuristics can be critical to three key qualities for their success: alertness, adaptability and entrepreneurial intent.
McIntyre identified individuals with ADHD among 581 survey respondents who answered questions about those qualities.
Alert entrepreneurs were good at recognizing the business opportunities around them, reading voraciously and interacting with others in order to have an ear to the ground. Those who were adaptable could change course when appropriate, challenging their own assumptions and double checking their comprehension about a problem or task.
And those with high entrepreneurial intent were committed to establishing their own business, searching actively for start-up opportunities. ADHD helped drive each of these positive outcomes, McIntyre found.
She said she was interested in ADHD in a specifically entrepreneurial context because , while traditional employment rarely leaves much room for “running off in a lot of directions,” she believes entrepreneurship can offer those with ADHD the freedom to fail and try again.
“We need to get rid of the word ‘disability’ and learn to value differences and adapt to them as a society,” McIntyre said.
“Even in the world of traditional employment, many companies — Ernst & Young, Goldman Sachs, IBM, JPMorgan Chase, Microsoft — are starting to look for job candidates with cognitive differences because those differences make them very skilled at certain tasks. Those with ADHD are known to be more curious, creative, imaginative and innovative.
“For people with ADHD who do want to pursue entrepreneurial careers, this research shows the more they can do to strengthen their net of routines for gathering and organizing information, the better.”
About this ADHD research news
Author: Micaela Morrissette
Source: West Virginia University
Contact: Micaela Morrissette – West Virginia University
Image: The image is credited to Neuroscience News
Original Research: Closed access.
“The effects of neurodiversity on cognitive attributes of entrepreneurs” by Nancy McIntyre et al. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research
Abstract
The effects of neurodiversity on cognitive attributes of entrepreneurs
Purpose
This study investigates how attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in entrepreneurs functions through coping schema to affect entrepreneurship-related cognitions. It is proposed that the resource-induced coping heuristic (RICH) bridges the conceptual gap between pathological cognitive executive control/reward attributes and cognitive resources, specifically entrepreneurial alertness, cognitive adaptability and entrepreneurial intent.
Design/methodology/approach
With data from 581 entrepreneurs, this study utilizes partial least squares structural equation modeling for analysis. Additionally, a two-stage hierarchical component modeling approach was used to estimate latent variable scores for higher-order constructs.
Findings
Findings indicate the RICH mediates the relationships ADHD has with alertness, cognitive adaptability and entrepreneurial intent.
Originality/value
The RICH is introduced as a mechanism to explain how ADHD indirectly influences entrepreneurial alertness, cognitive adaptability and entrepreneurial intent.
