A new study links same-sex attraction to parents' socioeconomic status during pregnancy. Researchers report the highest frequency of same-sex attraction was found in children in the lowest income group and elevated levels of same-sex attraction in children who came from the most affluent backgrounds. They speculate higher levels of fetal estrogen is a factor in both male and female same-sex attraction in the lowest-income group, while elevated levels of fetal testosterone is a factor in the higher income group. Higher fetal estrogen was related to more submissive roles in same-sex relationships, while higher fetal testosterone was associated with more assertive characteristics.