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Machine Learning

·June 2, 2023·5 min read

Ultra-Processed Foods: AI’s New Contribution to Nutrition Science

Researchers developed a machine learning algorithm, FoodProX, capable of predicting the degree of processing in food products. The tool scores foods on a scale from zero (minimally or unprocessed) to 100 (highly ultra-processed).

Featured Neuroscience

·May 30, 2023·5 min read

AI Can Predict Preterm Birth at 31 Weeks of Gestation

Researchers are improving the prediction of preterm birth by studying electrical activity during pregnancy. A deep learning model developed by the team can predict preterm births as early as 31 weeks of gestation using electrohysterogram measurements and clinical data.

Featured Neurology Neuroscience

·May 19, 2023·6 min read

Unraveling Sex-Specific Alzheimer’s Factors with AI

A new study employs 'Evolutionary Action Machine Learning' (EAML) to explore sex-specific genes that contribute to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Researchers discovered 98 genes associated with AD, some of which were found to affect disease progression differently in men and women.

Featured Neuroscience

·May 15, 2023·4 min read

AI Breakthrough Detects Alzheimer’s Early With Smartphones

Researchers are developing a machine learning model aimed at early detection of Alzheimer's dementia. This model, potentially accessible via smartphones, can distinguish between Alzheimer's patients and healthy individuals with 70-75% accuracy. By focusing on speech patterns rather than content, the tool could offer invaluable early indicators, potentially initiating earlier treatment and slowing disease progression.

Featured Neuroscience

·May 5, 2023·5 min read

Novel Proteins Designed With Generative AI

Researchers developed an AI system called ProteinSGM, which uses generative diffusion to create entirely new therapeutic proteins. The model learns from image representations to generate fully new proteins that appear to be biophysically real, meaning they fold into configurations that enable them to carry out specific functions within cells. The researchers hope the system will help advance the field of generative biology, promising to speed drug development by making the design and testing of entirely new therapeutic proteins more efficient and flexible.

Featured Neuroscience

·May 4, 2023·5 min read

Machine-Learning Algorithm Predicts What Mice See From Brain Data

EPFL researchers have developed a novel machine learning algorithm called CEBRA, which can predict what mice see based on decoding their neural activity. The algorithm maps brain activity to specific frames and can predict unseen movie frames directly from brain signals alone after an initial training period. CEBRA can also be used to predict movements of the arm in primates and to reconstruct the positions of rats as they move around an arena, suggesting potential clinical applications.

Featured Neuroscience

·May 3, 2023·6 min read

Listen and Learn: AI Systems Process Speech Signals Like Human Brains

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can process signals similar to how the brain interprets speech, potentially helping to explain how AI systems operate. Scientists used electrodes on participants' heads to measure brain waves while they listened to a single syllable and compared that brain activity to an AI system trained to learn English, finding that the shapes were remarkably similar, which could aid in the development of increasingly powerful systems.

Featured Neuroscience

·May 2, 2023·6 min read

Cracking the Code of Sound Recognition: Machine Learning Model Reveals How Our Brains Understand Communication Sounds

Researchers developed a machine learning model that mimics how the brains of social animals distinguish between sound categories, like mating, food or danger, and react accordingly. The algorithm helps explain how our brains recognize the meaning of communication sounds, such as spoken words or animal calls, providing crucial insight into the intricacies of neuronal processing. Insights from the research pave the way for treating disorders that affect speech recognition and improving hearing aids.

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Featured Neuroscience

·April 30, 2023·5 min read

Using Artificial Intelligence to Speed up Discovery of New Drugs

Experts see a bright future in the complementary use of artificial intelligence (AI) and structure-based drug discovery for drug discovery. Researchers explain how computational methods will streamline drug discovery by predicting which drug molecules are most likely to bind with the target receptor. The structure-based and AI-based approaches complement each other and can save time and money while yielding better results than traditional trial-and-error methods.

Featured Neuroscience

·April 28, 2023·5 min read

Biological Brains Outpace AI in Learning, Thanks to Structured Exploration

When it comes to rapid learning, the biological brain seems to have an edge over current AI technology. Scientists worked with different models of reinforcement learning to understand the algorithms that the brain uses to learn. They found that the directed exploration used by animals makes learning more efficient and requires less experience, unlike artificial agents that explore randomly.

Featured Neuroscience

·April 27, 2023·7 min read

Artificial Intelligence Identifies Infants at Risk of Blinding Disease

Researchers have developed a deep learning AI tool that can automate the diagnostics of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of childhood blindness. The tool was found to be as effective as senior pediatric ophthalmologists in discriminating normal retinal images from those with ROP that could lead to blindness, and the researchers hope it will improve access to care in underserved areas and prevent blindness in thousands of newborns worldwide.

Featured Neuroscience

·April 26, 2023·6 min read

Unveiling the Hidden Biases in Medical AI: Paving the Way for Fairer and More Accurate Imaging Diagnoses

Researchers identified 29 sources of potential bias in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) models used in medical imaging, ranging from data collection to model deployment. The report provides insights into the limitations of AI/ML in medical imaging and suggests possible ways for their mitigation, paving the way for a more equitable and just deployment of medical imaging AI/ML models in the future.

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Machine Learning

Ultra-Processed Foods: AI’s New Contribution to Nutrition Science

AI Can Predict Preterm Birth at 31 Weeks of Gestation

Unraveling Sex-Specific Alzheimer’s Factors with AI

AI Breakthrough Detects Alzheimer’s Early With Smartphones

Novel Proteins Designed With Generative AI

Machine-Learning Algorithm Predicts What Mice See From Brain Data

Listen and Learn: AI Systems Process Speech Signals Like Human Brains

Cracking the Code of Sound Recognition: Machine Learning Model Reveals How Our Brains Understand Communication Sounds

Using Artificial Intelligence to Speed up Discovery of New Drugs

Biological Brains Outpace AI in Learning, Thanks to Structured Exploration

Artificial Intelligence Identifies Infants at Risk of Blinding Disease

Unveiling the Hidden Biases in Medical AI: Paving the Way for Fairer and More Accurate Imaging Diagnoses

Depression and Urban Deprivation: Unseen Accelerators of Biological Aging

Neuroscience News Weekly Roundup – June 4, 2023

Targeted Therapy Vorasidenib Offers Hope for Deadly Brain Tumors

Hitching a Ride: mRNA’s Transport System in Brain Cells Revealed

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