Summary: Researchers report human mesenchymal stem cells can be manipulated to treat inflammatory diseases.
Source: Florida State University.
New research by a team from the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering has discovered that a type of adult stem cell found in a variety of tissues can be manipulated to enhance tissue regeneration and potentially treat inflammatory diseases.
Teng Ma, chair of the FAMU-FSU Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, and graduate student Xuegang Yuan published a new paper in the journal Stem Cells Translation Medicine that delves into the complicated science of cell therapy and examines how human mesenchymal stem cells can be used to combat inflammation.
The researchers found that these stem cells, which are found in muscle, bone and fat tissues, undergo a metabolic process that could ultimately be harnessed and directed as a medical treatment.
“The idea to use cells as ‘living medicine’ to cure disease has a long history,” Ma said. “We are interested in how to produce the therapeutically competent cells from a limited donor source on a large scale and to determine whether cells from older donors are as potent as the ones from young donors. Understanding how cells use energy seems to be a key factor.”
Ma and Yuan subjected cells in a culture to a molecule that causes inflammation and then analyzed it to get a full profile of the metabolic process and how it responds to this inflammation.
Most cells use oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate. In short — energy. A unique property of these stem cells is that they have the capacity to adapt different metabolic processes to meet energy demand and sometimes use sugar alone to produce energy.
When stem cells use this process, it enhances their response to inflammatory stimuli, meaning researchers could potentially develop therapies in the future that direct the energy of these cells to maximize their effect in treating inflammatory diseases.
“We wanted to understand a few things,” Ma said. “What powers this cell to do different things? Where does its energy come from and how does it direct the cells to perform different actions?”
An interesting facet of the research, Ma said, is that energy metabolism is intimately linked to many aspects of stem cell properties including donor age or production process. Metabolic plasticity is often compromised in cells from older donors or after bulk production.
Ma and Yuan’s future research will investigate how to design production processes to better preserve the stem cells’ unique metabolism and restore older cells’ metabolism to enhance their function. The next step is to see if this inflammation-fighting process can be used to treat multiple sclerosis in animals.
Cell therapy is a growing field of interest in the biomedical field. Recent breakthroughs in cancer immune therapy has demonstrated significant potential to use patients’ own cells to cure diseases. Technology advances play an important role to translate the discovery to clinical application.ery and the development of treatments for diseases and disorders of the brain.
Co-authors of the paper are FSU Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry Tim Logan and former graduate students Yijun Liu and Nathalie Muñoz.
Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation.
Source: Florida State University
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is in the public domain.
Original Research: Open access research for “Commitment to Aerobic Glycolysis Sustains Immunosuppression of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells” by Yijun Liu, Xuegang Yuan, Nathalie Muñoz, Timothy M. Logan, and Teng Ma in Stem Cells Translation Medicine. Published October 1 2018.
doi:10.1002/sctm.18-0070
[cbtabs][cbtab title=”MLA”]Florida State University”Cells Using Sugar for Metabolic Process May Fight Inflammation.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 27 November 2018.
<https://neurosciencenews.com/cell-sugar-inflammation-10265/>.[/cbtab][cbtab title=”APA”]Florida State University(2018, November 27). Cells Using Sugar for Metabolic Process May Fight Inflammation. NeuroscienceNews. Retrieved November 27, 2018 from https://neurosciencenews.com/cell-sugar-inflammation-10265/[/cbtab][cbtab title=”Chicago”]Florida State University”Cells Using Sugar for Metabolic Process May Fight Inflammation.” https://neurosciencenews.com/cell-sugar-inflammation-10265/ (accessed November 27, 2018).[/cbtab][/cbtabs]
Abstract
Commitment to Aerobic Glycolysis Sustains Immunosuppression of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) promote endogenous tissue repair in part by coordinating multiple components of the host immune system in response to environmental stimuli. Recent studies have shown that hMSCs are metabolically heterogeneous and actively reconfigure metabolism to support the biochemical demands of tissue repair. However, how hMSCs regulate their energy metabolism to support their immunomodulatory properties is largely unknown. This study investigates hMSC metabolic reconfiguration during immune activation and provides evidence that the hMSC metabolic state significantly influences their immunomodulatory properties. Specifically, hMSC immune polarization by interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) treatment leads to remodeling of hMSC metabolic pathways toward glycolysis, which is required to sustain the secretion of immunosuppressive factors. IFN‐γ exposure also inhibited mitochondrial electron transport activity, and the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species plays an important signaling role in this metabolic reconfiguration. The results also show that activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is required for metabolic reconfiguration during immune polarization and that interruption of these metabolic changes alters the immune response in IFN‐γ licensed hMSCs. The results demonstrate the potential of altering hMSC metabolism to enhance their immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic efficacy in various diseases.
