New Device Developed for Easier Link Between Brain, Computer, and Body

Summary: A newly designed compact device for recording brain activity has a customizable configuration and could help people with restricted mobility regain control of their limbs or provide advanced warnings of epileptic seizures.

Source: SkolTech

Scientists from Skoltech, South Ural State University, and elsewhere have developed a device for recording brain activity that is more compact and affordable than the solutions currently on the market.

With its high signal quality and customizable configuration, the device could help people with restricted mobility regain control of their limbs or provide advance warnings of an impending seizure to patients with epilepsy.

The article presenting the device and testing results came out in Experimental Brain Research.

Researchers and medics, as well as engineers working on futuristic gadgets, need tools that measure brain activity. Among their scientific applications are research on sleep, decision-making, memory, and attention. In a clinical setting, these tools allow doctors to assess the extent of damage to an injured brain and monitor coma patients.

Further down cyberpunk lane, brain signals can be translated into commands and sent to an external or implanted device, either to make up for lost functions in the body or for plain fun. The commands could range from moving the arm of an exoskeleton worn by a paralyzed person to turning on the TV.

Invented about a century ago, electroencephalographers are devices that read the electrical activity of the brain via small electrodes placed on the scalp. The recorded signals are then used for research, diagnostics, or gadgetry. The problem with the existing systems used in labs and hospitals is they are bulky and/or expensive. And even then, the number of electrodes is limited, resulting in moderate signal quality. Amateur devices tend to be more affordable, but with even poorer sensitivity.

To fill that gap, researchers from South Ural State University, North Carolina State University, and Brainflow — led by electronic research engineer Ildar Rakhmatulin and Skoltech neuroscientist Professor Mikhail Lebedev — created a device you can build for just $350, compared with the $1,000 or more you would need for currently available analogs.

Besides being less expensive, the new electroencephalographer has as many as 24 electrodes or more. Importantly, it also provides research-grade signal quality. At half a centimeter in diameter (about 1/5 inches), the processing unit is compact enough to be worn throughout the day or during the night. The entire device weighs about 150 grams (about 5 ounces).

The researchers have made the instructions for building the device and the accompanying documentation and software openly available on GitHub. The team hopes this will attract more enthusiasts involved in brain-computer interface development, giving an impetus to support and rehabilitation system development, cognitive research, and pushing the geek community to come up with new futuristic gizmos.

This shows the outline of a face and two brains over a cityscape
Invented about a century ago, electroencephalographers are devices that read the electrical activity of the brain via small electrodes placed on the scalp. Image is in the public domain

“The more convenient and affordable such devices become, the more chances there are this would drive the home lab movement, with some of the research on brain-computer interfaces migrating from large science centers to small-scale amateur projects,” Lebedev said.

“Or we could see people with limited mobility using do-it-yourself interfaces to train, say, a smartphone-based system that would electrically stimulate a biceps to flex the arm at the elbow,” the researcher went on. “That works on someone who has lost control over their arm due to spinal cord trauma or a stroke, where the commands are still generated in the brain — they just don’t reach the limb, and that’s where our little brain-computer interfacing comes in.”

According to the team, such interfaces could also help patients with epilepsy by detecting tell-tale brain activity patterns that indicate when a seizure is imminent, so they can prepare by lying down comfortably in a safe space or attempting to suppress the seizure via electrical stimulation.

About this neurotech research news

Author: Ilyana Zolotareva
Source: SkolTech
Contact: Ilyana Zolotareva – SkolTech
Image: The image is in the public domain

Original Research: Closed access.
Low-cost brain computer interface for everyday use” by Mikhail Lebedev et al. Experimental Brain Research


Abstract

Low-cost brain computer interface for everyday use

With the growth in electroencephalography (EEG) based applications the demand for affordable consumer solutions is increasing.

Here we describe a compact, low-cost EEG device suitable for daily use. The data are transferred from the device to a personal server using the TCP-IP protocol, allowing for wireless operation and a decent range of motion for the user. The device is compact, having a circular shape with a radius of only 25 mm, which would allow for comfortable daily use during both daytime and nighttime.

Our solution is also very cost effective, approximately $350 for 24 electrodes. The built-in noise suppression capability improves the accuracy of recordings with a peak input noise below 0.35 μV.

Here, we provide the results of the tests for the developed device.

On our GitHub page, we provide detailed specification of the steps involved in building this EEG device which should be helpful to readers designing similar devices for their needs https://github.com/Ildaron/ironbci.

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