Animal-assisted therapy improves social behavior in patients with brain injuries

Summary: Animal-assisted therapy improves social behaviors and reduces negative emotions in those with TBI. The findings report those with brain injuries exposed to AAT experienced higher social engagement, satisfaction and motivation following therapy sessions.

Source: University of Basel

Animal-assisted therapy can foster social competence in patients with brain injuries and increase their emotional involvement during therapy. These were the findings of a clinical trial conducted by psychologists from the University of Basel and published in the journal Scientific Reports.

After a severe traumatic brain injury, patients often exhibit problems in their social behavior. For instance, they may suffer from reduced emotional empathy and show impaired emotional expression, all contributing to communicative problems in social interactions.

Stimulating engagement and motivation

Animal-assisted therapy is increasingly being used in rehabilitation in order to improve these deficits in patients’ social competence. Integrating animals into therapy can, for example, stimulate patient engagement and motivation. In collaboration with REHAB Basel, the clinic for neurorehabilitation and paraplegiology, and the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, researchers in the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Basel have now undertaken the first systematic study on in-patients with acquired brain injury to assess the effectiveness of this therapy method.

This shows a patient holding a guinea pig
The presence of animals during therapy sessions has a positive effect on the social behavior of patients who suffer from acquired brain injuries. The image is credited to REHAB Basel.

The study involved conducting animal-assisted therapy sessions for 19 adult participants alongside conventional therapy sessions. The patients’ social behavior were recorded and evaluated during over 200 animal-assisted and conventional therapy sessions. The study also documented patient mood and satisfaction and their treatment motivation – an important criterion in therapeutic success.

More positive emotions

The results showed that in the presence of an animal – which included guinea pigs, miniature pigs, rabbits and sheep – patients exhibited more active social engagement than during the conventional therapy sessions. They expressed nearly twice as many positive emotions and communicated more frequently both verbally and non-verbally. The animal-assisted therapy had no effect on negative emotions, such as rage or anger. If an animal was present during the therapy session, patients considered themselves more satisfied and their motivation to actively participate in the therapy higher; this was congruent with the assessments of the therapists.

“The results suggest that animal-assisted therapy can have a positive effect on the social behavior of patients with brain injuries,” concluded the study’s principal investigator, Dr. Karin Hediger from the University of Basel in Switzerland.

“Animals can be relevant therapeutic partners because they motivate patients to care for the animal. Secondly, animals provide a stimulus for patients to actively engage in the therapeutic activities.” Thus, animal-assisted therapy may be a promising supplement to conventional neurorehabilitation, says the psychologist.

About this neuroscience research article

Source:
University of Basel
Media Contacts:
Reto Caluori – University of Basel
Image Source:
The image is credited to REHAB Basel.

Original Research: Open access.
“Effects of animal-assisted therapy on social behaviour in patients with acquired brain injury: a randomised controlled trial” Karin Hediger, Stefan Thommen, Cora Wagner, Jens Gaab & Margret Hund-Georgiadis Scientific Reports volume 9, Article number: 5831 (2019) . doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42280-0

Abstract

Effects of animal-assisted therapy on social behaviour in patients with acquired brain injury: a randomised controlled trial

Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is increasingly used to address impaired social competence in patients with acquired brain injury. However, the efficacy of AAT has not been tested in these patients. We used a randomised, controlled within subject trial to determine the effects of AAT on social competence in patients undergoing stationary neurorehabilitation. Participants received both AAT sessions and paralleled conventional therapy sessions. The patients’ social behaviour was systematically coded on the basis of video recordings of therapy sessions. Moreover, mood, treatment motivation and satisfaction was measured during each therapy session. We analysed 222 AAT and 219 control sessions of 19 patients with linear mixed models. Patients showed a significantly higher amount of social behaviour during AAT. Furthermore, patients’ positive emotions, verbal and non-verbal communication, mood, treatment motivation and satisfaction were increased in the presence of an animal. Neutral emotions were reduced but no effect was found regarding negative emotions. Our results show that AAT increases aspects of social competence and leads to higher emotional involvement of patients with acquired brain injury, reflected in higher social engagement, motivation and satisfaction during a therapeutic session.

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