Subjective Memory May Play Role in Signaling Cognitive Decline

Summary: A new study reports listening to subjective complaints about memory lapses in people over 60 could help doctors to diagnose the onset of MCI and dementia.

Source: UT Dallas.

New research from the Center for Vital Longevity (CVL) at The University of Texas at Dallas suggests that subjective complaints about poor memory performance, especially in people over 60, could be a useful early marker for the onset of mild cognitive decline, which sometimes foreshadows Alzheimer’s disease.

Subjective memory is a person’s unscientific self-evaluation of how good his or her memory is, and whether, in that person’s opinion, there has been any worsening of memory through age. While some changes may be undetectable to others and are often too subtle to register on cognitive tests, the person subjectively believes that memory is slipping.

Published recently in Psychology and Aging, the research from Dr. Karen Rodrigue’s lab at CVL examined subjective memory complaints in nearly 200 healthy adults, ages 20 to 94. Previous studies suggest that subjective memory complaints are not necessarily indicative of cognitive decline, and may stem from underlying conditions such as anxiety and depression, which have been shown to impede memory.

The current study measured mood and screened out depressed individuals. Researchers also measured participants for known risk factors for memory loss and Alzheimer’s, such as higher levels of beta-amyloid in the brain and the presence of a gene variant called ApoE4. These factors were taken into account to examine whether subjective memory alone was a reliable correlate of actual memory ability.

The study focused on associative memory — for example, remembering word pairs and name-face pairs. This type of memory is particularly sensitive to age-related decline, and the most common complaint of aging individuals.

The study found that a person’s intuitive or intrinsic assessment of his or her own memory was actually a reliable predictor of performance on the laboratory memory assessment. This result was particularly true for individuals with genetic risk for memory loss.

“Our findings show that subjective memory can be a reliable indicator of memory performance, even in cognitively healthy adults,” said psychological sciences doctoral student Marci Horn, the lead author of the study. “The same people who self-report memory problems may also have other risk factors associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.”

brain
The study focused on associative memory — for example, remembering word pairs and name-face pairs. This type of memory is particularly sensitive to age-related decline, and the most common complaint of aging individuals. NeuroscienceNews.com image is credited to Adesnik lab, UT Dallas.

The researchers also found that men who had higher amyloid levels reported the most subjective memory complaints in the study. Previous studies had not uncovered a sex-specific relationship, nor did they account for the genetic and amyloid risk factors in these associations, the researchers said.

The strongest correlation of subjective memory complaints with actual cognitive performance was in study participants older than 60, when people are generally at greater risk for Alzheimer’s disease.

“It seems that awareness of memory changes may be a reliable indicator of one’s current memory ability, and may serve as another harbinger of future loss, as this relationship was strongest in those with known risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease, namely ApoE4 genotype and beta-amyloid burden in the brain,” said Rodrigue, the senior author of the study and assistant professor in the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS). “We are following these individuals over time to further test this idea.”

About this neuroscience research article

Funding: Dr. Kristen Kennedy, an assistant professor in BBS, also was an author of the study. The research was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health.

Source: Alex Lyda – UT Dallas
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is in the public domain.
Original Research: Abstract for “Association between subjective memory assessment and associative memory performance: Role of ad risk factors” by Horn, Marci M.; Kennedy, Kristen M.; and Rodrigue, Karen M. in Psychology and Aging. Published April 30 2018.
doi:10.1037/pag0000217

Cite This NeuroscienceNews.com Article

[cbtabs][cbtab title=”MLA”]UT Dallas “Subjective Memory May Play Role in Signaling Cognitive Decline.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 30 April 2018.
<https://neurosciencenews.com/subjective-memory-cognitive-decline-8927/>.[/cbtab][cbtab title=”APA”]UT Dallas (2018, April 30). Subjective Memory May Play Role in Signaling Cognitive Decline. NeuroscienceNews. Retrieved April 30, 2018 from https://neurosciencenews.com/subjective-memory-cognitive-decline-8927/[/cbtab][cbtab title=”Chicago”]UT Dallas “Subjective Memory May Play Role in Signaling Cognitive Decline.” https://neurosciencenews.com/subjective-memory-cognitive-decline-8927/ (accessed April 30, 2018).[/cbtab][/cbtabs]


Abstract

Association between subjective memory assessment and associative memory performance: Role of ad risk factors

Decline in associative memory abilities is a common cognitive complaint among older adults and is detectable in both normal aging and in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Subjective memory (SM) complaints may serve as an earlier marker of these mnemonic changes; however, previous research examining the predictive utility of SM to observed memory performance yielded inconsistent results. This inconsistency is likely due to other sources of variance that occur with memory decline such as mood/depression issues, presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE ε4) genotype, or beta-amyloid deposition. Here we examine the relationship between SM and associative memory ability in the context of factors that increase susceptibility to AD in 195 healthy adults (79 men) aged 20–94 years. Participants completed an SM questionnaire, a mood/depression scale, two associative memory tests (a word-pair and a name-face test), and were genotyped for APOE ε4. PET-amyloid imaging data were collected for a subset of those over 50 years of age (N = 74). We found that SM predicted performance on both associative memory tests even after covarying for age, sex, mood, and APOE ε4 status. Interestingly, for the name-face associative task, increased SM concerns predicted memory performance selectively in participants over the age of 60, with the APOEε4 risk group showing the strongest effect. Finally, men with higher beta-amyloid deposition reported more memory complaints. Our findings suggest that SM reliably tracks memory performance, even in cognitively healthy adults, and may reflect an increased risk for AD.

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