Summary: A newly engineered compound prevents damage to myelin and nerve fibers by stimulating a protective response in cells that produce and maintain myelin. The compound has positive implications for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.
Source: Oregon Health & Science University
A compound developed at Oregon Health & Science University appears to protect nerve fibers and the fatty sheath, called myelin, that covers nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
The discovery, published in the Journal of Neuroimmunology, could be important in treating or preventing the progression of multiple sclerosis and other central nervous system disorders.
The new research in a mouse model advances earlier work to develop the compound – known as sobetirome – that has already showed promise in stimulating the repair of myelin.
“Sobetirome and related drugs are effective at stimulating myelin repair after damage has occurred. Our new findings now suggest that these drugs could also prove to be beneficial for preventing damage from occurring,” said senior author Dennis Bourdette, M.D., former chair and professor emeritus of neurology in the OHSU School of Medicine. “It means that these drugs have a dual effect that we didn’t know about before.”
Nerve fibers carry electrical impulses between nerve cells, and myelin is an insulation-like protective sheath covering nerve fibers.
Myelin and nerve fibers become damaged in multiple sclerosis, slowing or blocking electrical signals required for us to see, move our muscles, feel sensations and think. Researchers previously developed sobetirome as a compound that mimics the effect of the thyroid hormone in stimulating the maturation of precursor cells known as oligodendrocytes, which generate myelin.
OHSU scientists developed a strategy to greatly increase the delivery of sobetirome into the brain of mice – remyelinating nerve fiber sheaths after damage had occurred.
The OHSU technology related to these findings is licensed to a startup biotechnology company committed to developing new medications for demyelinating diseases such as MS. Co-founders of the company include Bourdette along with two other co-authors on the new study: Tom Scanlan, Ph.D., professor of physiology and pharmacology in the OHSU School of Medicine, and Ben Emery, Ph.D., associate professor of neurology in the OHSU School of Medicine.
In the new research, scientists tested the compound by inducing an autoimmune disease in a mouse model of MS, causing inflammation damage to myelin and nerve fibers.
Lead author Priya Chaudhary, Ph.D., assistant professor of neurology in the OHSU School of Medicine who is focused on developing therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, said that the technique is a common step in drug discovery.
“It is important to show the effectiveness of potential drugs in a model that is most commonly used for developing new therapies,” Chaudhary said.
The researchers discovered that they were able to prevent damage to myelin and nerve fibers from occurring, by stimulating a protective response in the cells that make and maintain myelin. They also reduced the activity of migroglia, a type of inflammatory cell in the brain and spinal cord that’s involved in causing damage in multiple sclerosis and other diseases.
“The effects are impressive and are at least in part consistent with a neuroprotective effect with particular inhibition of myelin and axon degeneration, and oligodendrocyte loss,” the authors write.
The discovery, if proven in clinical trials involving people, could be especially useful for people who are diagnosed with multiple sclerosis early in the disease’s progression.
“The drug could protect the nervous system from damage and reduce the severity of the disease,” Bourdette said.
Funding: Funding for this research was provided by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, award numbers RG-5199A4, RG-1607-25053 and RG-5106A1/1; the National Institutes of Health, award numbers DK57798 and P30 NS061800; Race to Erase MS; and the OHSU Laura Fund for Innovation in Multiple Sclerosis.
About this multiple sclerosis research news
Source: Oregon Health & Science University
Contact: Erik Robinson – Oregon Health & Science University
Image: The image is in the public domain
Original Research: Closed access.
“Thyroid hormone and thyromimetics inhibit myelin and axonal degeneration and oligodendrocyte loss in EAE” by Dennis Bourdette et al. Journal of Neuroimmunology
Abstract
Thyroid hormone and thyromimetics inhibit myelin and axonal degeneration and oligodendrocyte loss in EAE
Highlights
- •Thyroid hormone, the thyromimetic sobetirome and its CNS penetrating prodrug Sob-AM2 reduce disease severity in EAE.
- •Thyroid hormone, sobetirome and Sob-AM2 reduce myelin and axonal degeneration and protect oligodendrocytes in EAE.
- •Sobetirome and Sob-AM2 may protect oligodendrocytes directly and by reducing inflammatory effects of macrophages/microglia.
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that thyromimetics stimulate oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and promote remyelination in murine demyelination models. We investigated whether a thyroid receptor-beta selective thyromimetic, sobetirome (Sob), and its CNS-targeted prodrug, Sob-AM2, could prevent myelin and axonal degeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Compared to controls, EAE mice receiving triiodothyronine (T3, 0.4 mg/kg), Sob (5 mg/kg) or Sob-AM2 (5 mg/kg) had reduced clinical disease and, within the spinal cord, less tissue damage, more normally myelinated axons, fewer degenerating axons and more oligodendrocytes. T3 and Sob also protected cultured oligodendrocytes against cell death. Thyromimetics thus might protect against oligodendrocyte death, demyelination and axonal degeneration as well as stimulate remyelination in multiple sclerosis.
