Major Step Toward an Alzheimer's Vaccine

Major Step Toward an Alzheimer’s Vaccine

Posted on January 15, 2013 By Neuroscience News Featured, Neurology

A team of researchers from Université Laval, CHU de Québec, and pharmaceutical firm GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has discovered a way to stimulate the brain’s natural defense mechanisms in mice with Alzheimer’s disease symptoms. This major breakthrough, details of which are presented today in an early online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), opens the door to the development of a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and a vaccine to prevent the illness.

One of the main characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease is the production in the brain of a toxic molecule known as amyloid beta. Microglial cells, the nervous system’s defenders, are unable to eliminate this substance, which forms deposits called senile plaques.

The team led by Dr. Serge Rivest, professor at Université Laval’s Faculty of Medicine and researcher at the CHU de Québec research center, identified a molecule that stimulates the activity of the brain’s immune cells. The molecule, known as MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A), has been used extensively as a vaccine adjuvant by GSK for many years, and its safety is well established.

In mice with Alzheimer’s symptoms, weekly injections of MPL over a twelve-week period eliminated up to 80% of senile plaques. In addition, tests measuring the mice’s ability to learn new tasks showed significant improvement in cognitive function over the same period.

Alzheimer's Disease brain slice vs healthy brain slice.

A healthy brain slice is shown next to a brain slice with severe Alzheimer’s disease. The image is in the public domain.

The researchers see two potential uses for MPL. It could be administered by intramuscular injection to people with Alzheimer’s disease to slow the progression of the illness. It could also be incorporated into a vaccine designed to stimulate the production of antibodies against amyloid beta. “The vaccine could be given to people who already have the disease to stimulate their natural immunity,” said Serge Rivest. “It could also be administered as a preventive measure to people with risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.”

“When our team started working on Alzheimer’s disease a decade ago, our goal was to develop better treatment for Alzheimer’s patients,” explained Professor Rivest. “With the discovery announced today, I think we’re close to our objective.”

Notes about this Alzheimer’s disease research

Contacts: Jean-François Huppé – Université Laval
Pascale St-Pierre – CHU de Québec
Source: Université Laval press release
Image Source: Alzheimer’s disease brain image is available in the public domain. Feel free to use.
Original Research: Abstract for “Toll-like receptor 4 stimulation with the detoxified ligand monophosphoryl lipid A improves Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology” by Jean-Philippe Michaud, Maxime Hallé, Antoine Lampron, Peter Thériault, Paul Préfontaine, Mohammed Filali, Pascale Tribout-Jover, Anne-Marie Lanteigne, Rachel Jodoin, Christopher Cluff, Vincent Brichard, Rémi Palmantier, Anthony Pilorget, Daniel Larocque, and Serge Rivest in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences published ahead of print January 15, 2013 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1215165110